"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
The argument was provided in the aeronautics magazine in the letter to the editor column. According to the opinion of the person, investment of resources must be done in unmanned space flight compared to the manned space flight. This is because manned space flight is costly and dangerous. There are also recent events in which unmanned space flights seemed to be successful. Although the points put forth by the author seems legitimate, there are a number of flaws which require introspection and analysis.
To begin with, there is a mention that there is a recent success of series of unmanned space probes and satellites. However, the type of success is not mentioned. The kind of useful information provided by the unmanned space flights was not mentioned. Is the capturing of that useful information not possible with manned space flights? In what terms the success of the space flight is measured? There might be certain information which is only perceivable to the human eye, but not by a machine. How can this information be captured by using the unmanned flights? The author must have provided valid information regarding the above mentioned questions to validate his argument.
In addition, the author claims that manned space flight is costly and dangerous. However, the amount of risks involved might have been balanced by the results of the mission. There is not an iota of information about the kind of risks as well as the way in which the costs are higher compared to the unmanned space flights. Had the author provided the information or past events in which there are negative effects of manned space flights and the higher costs, it would have buttressed his argument.
The author alleges that great deal of information can be gathered by using the unmanned space flights. However, what if the unmanned space flight, while in the middle of a mission fails? If there was a human in the flight during such a failure, necessary actions can be taken. When there is no human involved, does the unmanned space flight have the ability to resolve the issues? The author must have provided information regarding the way in which the unmanned flights can replace a human, in order to strengthen his perception.
There is a comparison between the manned and unmanned flights and the information gathered from the author. But, the conditions in which both are tested is not mentioned in the argument. Unmanned satellites must have been successful only under certain conditions where the altitude of the satellite is minimal. At a higher altitude, manned flights might be preferred. Are the conditions similar to both manned and unmanned flights? It would also be necessary to compare the conditions along with the information from both manned and unmanned missions, in order to validate this point.
In conclusion, though the author seems to provide a useful alternative by sending unmanned space flights, there are many unstated assumptions on which the argument rests on. The author must have provided the comparison between the information obtained by manned and unmanned flights, reason for the precociousness and costliness of the manned flights, ways in which a critical issue can be resolved by unmanned flights and the conditions under which both the schemes are tested in order to make his argument a cogent one.
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, however, if, regarding, so, then, well, while, in addition, in conclusion, kind of, as well as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 36.0 19.6327345309 183% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 14.0 11.1786427146 125% => OK
Relative clauses : 16.0 13.6137724551 118% => OK
Pronoun: 13.0 28.8173652695 45% => OK
Preposition: 78.0 55.5748502994 140% => OK
Nominalization: 23.0 16.3942115768 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2794.0 2260.96107784 124% => OK
No of words: 550.0 441.139720559 125% => OK
Chars per words: 5.08 5.12650576532 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.84273464058 4.56307096286 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67546180458 2.78398813304 96% => OK
Unique words: 201.0 204.123752495 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.365454545455 0.468620217663 78% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 864.9 705.55239521 123% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Interrogative: 3.0 0.471057884232 637% => Less interrogative sentences wanted.
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 8.0 4.22255489022 189% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 30.0 19.7664670659 152% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 22.8473053892 79% => OK
Sentence length SD: 55.5808120368 57.8364921388 96% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.1333333333 119.503703932 78% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.3333333333 23.324526521 79% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.0 5.70786347227 70% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 5.25449101796 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 14.0 8.20758483034 171% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 6.88822355289 145% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.416251576435 0.218282227539 191% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.145382695116 0.0743258471296 196% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0982034742359 0.0701772020484 140% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.25140142617 0.128457276422 196% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0655042095032 0.0628817314937 104% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.7 14.3799401198 81% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 48.3550499002 110% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 12.197005988 84% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.18 12.5979740519 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.31 8.32208582834 88% => OK
difficult_words: 97.0 98.500998004 98% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 12.3882235529 65% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 11.1389221557 83% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6 -- The score is based on the average performance of 20,000 argument essays. This e-grader is not smart enough to check on arguments.
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.