The article introduces the topic of altruism which is defined as a type of behavior in which any living organism compromises its benefits for others in the group. The writer provides two examples of humans and meerkats in the passage to explain it. However, the lecturer say that a study is always countered with further research in the field as time progresses.
First, the author gives the example of human to explain altruism. He goes on to say that they share food and donate organs to their family members or strangers for their benefits. The lecturer, however, disagrees with this viewpoint. He states that while performing these acts they receive appreciation from the society and tend to increase their self-worth. He further asks aren't this non-material rewards valuable to the humans questioning the altruism.
The author also gives the example of meerkat. He asserts that one meerkat safeguards the other meerkat in the group from predators while they are eating food, while risking their own life. Again, the lecturer believes that there are flaws with this argument. He goes on to say that the recent research has shown that the one meerkat safeguarding the group is the one who gets to eat the food first, which means he is guarding with his stomach full. He adds that the one who is safeguarding is standing closest to the burrows, so if a predator comes, he is the safest amongst the group. Moreover, the lecturer says that the sound used as meerkat to eat food and go to burrows is the same. Therefore, while calling the other meerkat for eating food they can accidentally signal the predator risking the lives of other meerkats. This argument by lecturer also refutes the act of altruism mentioned by the writer.
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Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 376, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: aren't
...rease their self-worth. He further asks arent this non-material rewards valuable to t...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, moreover, so, therefore, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1442.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 295.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 4.88813559322 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14434120667 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.51322043043 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.51186440678 0.540411800872 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 432.9 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.9398073153 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.125 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4375 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.5 7.06452816374 50% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 3.0 4.09492273731 73% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.257333360019 0.272083759551 95% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0915254374595 0.0996497079465 92% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0931755615208 0.0662205650399 141% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.175106253455 0.162205337803 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0114581854953 0.0443174109184 26% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.8 13.3589403974 81% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.08 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.54 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 376, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: aren't
...rease their self-worth. He further asks arent this non-material rewards valuable to t...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, if, moreover, so, therefore, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 33.0 22.412803532 147% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1442.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 295.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 4.88813559322 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14434120667 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.51322043043 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.51186440678 0.540411800872 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 432.9 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.9398073153 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.125 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4375 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.5 7.06452816374 50% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 3.0 4.09492273731 73% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.257333360019 0.272083759551 95% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0915254374595 0.0996497079465 92% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0931755615208 0.0662205650399 141% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.175106253455 0.162205337803 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0114581854953 0.0443174109184 26% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.8 13.3589403974 81% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.08 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.54 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Minimum four paragraphs wanted. The correct pattern:
para 1: introduction
para 2: doubt 1
para 3: doubt 2
para 4: doubt 3
Less contents wanted from the reading passages(25%), more content wanted from the lecture (75%).
Don't need a conclusion paragraph.
Read sample essays from ETS:
http://www.testbig.com/users/toeflwritingmaster
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.