The reading and the lecture are both about carved stone balls that are found in Scotland. The author presents three theories about the use of stone balls. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made by the author.
To begin with, the author argues that the carved stone balls might have used as weapons. The article mentions that some balls had holes in them, allowing the stones to have cords so that a person could throw the stone using the cord. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. She claims that if they were used as weapons they would have been damaged and, worn out. She notes that the stone balls were extremely well preserved.
Secondly, the writer suggests that the stone balls could have been used as measuring devices. In the article, it is said that stone balls were virtually the same size of 70mm in diameter. This suggests that these stone balls could have used to measure the weights of trade products. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that the stone balls were made of different stones such as sandstone, greenstone, and quartzite. She elaborates on this by bringing up the point that different stones have different masses, if the stones had different masses they cannot be used to measure weights.
Finally, the author says that the stones had unique carvings in them. This suggests that they could have used to represent the social status of their holders. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that they were too ordinary to be used as social status markers. She notes that in England, possessions were buried along with owners. She further points out that if the stone balls were used as social status markers they would have buried with their owners, but recent evidence found no stone balls in tombs.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 156, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... theories about the use of stone balls. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made...
^^^
Line 5, column 598, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...they cannot be used to measure weights. Finally, the author says that the stones...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, second, secondly, so, well, in contrast, such as, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 16.0 12.0772626932 132% => OK
Pronoun: 38.0 22.412803532 170% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1470.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 302.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86754966887 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1687104957 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.17019574518 2.5805825403 84% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.473509933775 0.540411800872 88% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 433.8 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.8499961258 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 81.6666666667 110.228320801 74% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.7777777778 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.0 7.06452816374 71% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 12.0 4.27373068433 281% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.243002784544 0.272083759551 89% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0971458657604 0.0996497079465 97% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0584245920454 0.0662205650399 88% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.176775102773 0.162205337803 109% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0137282472673 0.0443174109184 31% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.9 13.3589403974 74% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 72.16 53.8541721854 134% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.2 11.0289183223 65% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.67 12.2367328918 87% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.78 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 63.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 19.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.