The little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientist have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruption that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reason(disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees carbon dioxide, earth became cooler.
Both the lecture and the reading passage are about the little ice age. The former is of the opinion that the claims in the text are not convincing. While the latter provides three possible causes of little ice age.
To begin with, the first exquisite point to be mentioned is that disruption of ocean currents may cause lowering the temperature. The professor in the lecture points out that unfortunately they are out of date. Moreover, he explains that scientists know that only the cooling temperature effect takes place in England but it also spreads to the southern hemisphere like Newzeland. On the other hand, the writer posits that melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold water in Golf Stream which resulted in the little ice Age.
Second point to be discussed is the volcanic erruption. The speaker in the listening claims that although it is true that valcones errupt enough dust to cool down the temperatures, Consequently, more dust also affects the climate by dramatically colorful sunsets or a grey snowfall but it didn't happen. Nevertheless, the text points out that due to volcanic erruption there will be dark clouds of dust and sulphur gas that in turn lower down the temperature by blocking down the sunlight.
Thirdly, the decrease in human population also has a positive impact in l,owering the temperature. The lecturere in the lecture staes that forest and greenland decrease temperature. Furthermore, the human population grew quickly and fields are cleared in order to grow crops. They are not long enough to cool the environment. However, the author holds the opionion that because of variety of reasons the human population just before and during early little Ice Age was lower that helps to decrease greenhouse effect by consuming carbondioxide and becaming the earth cooler.
To conclude, it is quite evident that both the lecturer and the author haconflictviews and found hard to be on same ground.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 149, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “While” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... claims in the text are not convincing. While the latter provides three possible caus...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 290, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...orful sunsets or a grey snowfall but it didnt happen. Nevertheless, the text points o...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 74, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , owering
...pulation also has a positive impact in l,owering the temperature. The lecturere in the l...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, consequently, first, furthermore, however, may, moreover, nevertheless, second, so, third, thirdly, while, it is true, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 45.0 30.3222958057 148% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1626.0 1373.03311258 118% => OK
No of words: 320.0 270.72406181 118% => OK
Chars per words: 5.08125 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.22948505376 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.74533695564 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 177.0 145.348785872 122% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.553125 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 500.4 419.366225166 119% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 61.3229157819 49.2860985944 124% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.625 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.0 21.698381199 92% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.125 7.06452816374 143% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.115525958387 0.272083759551 42% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0371375405138 0.0996497079465 37% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0470743958312 0.0662205650399 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0625112670452 0.162205337803 39% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.055220323053 0.0443174109184 125% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.5 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.18 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.58 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 80.0 63.6247240618 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.