Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: they may be navigating by the stars, much as early human sailors did. What we know about humpback whales makes this a distinct possibility.
First, humpback whales seem to be intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. Whales’ brains have a high degree of complexity—a common determiner of intelligence. This suggests that the whales’ brain power far exceeds that of most other animals. The whales’ well-developed cognitive ability seems to provide a sound basis for the ability to use a complex, abstract system of sensory stimuli such as the night sky for orientation.
Second, humpback whales migrate in straight lines. Animals can maintain movement in a straight direction for long distances only if they orient themselves by some external objects or forces. Many birds and other terrestrial creatures, for example, use physical landmarks to help them stay on track as they migrate. Whales, which swim in the open ocean, cannot rely on land features; they could, however, rely on stars at night to provide them with external signs by which to maintain direction over long distances.
Third, humpback whales exhibit an unusual behavior: they are sometimes observed floating straight up for minutes at a time, their heads above the water as though they were looking upward. The behavior is known as spy-hopping, and it is very rare among marine animals. One explanation for the function of spy-hopping is that the whales are looking at the stars, which are providing them with information to navigate by.
The article and the lecture both deal with how humpback whales migrate long distances. Whilst the author claims that humpback may navigate by the stars and proposes three possible reasons for support, the lecturer contradicts his arguments respectively.
First , according to the reading humpback whales have high intelligence which provide the ability to use the stars for navigation. In contrast, the professor argues that they are not actually connected, because other animals like ducks also use the stars to navigate but they have average intelligence.
Second, the author states that humpback migrate in straight direction relying on stars as there is no landmarks they can use. However, the speaker questions this argument by saying that humpback whale may use earth magnetic field to maintain direction instead of stars as they have a biomagnetide within their body.
Lat but not least, the writer posits that humpback whales can use star to navigate through a behavior call spy-hopping. As apposed to the author, the lecturer points out that other animals like sharks also exhibit spy-hopping behavior, but they do not migrate, they use it to hunt instead. Furthermore, she adds that sharks usually exhibit this behavior at day time when stars can not been observed.
As we can see the author and the lecture hold very different views on humpback whales.
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 6, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...cts his arguments respectively. First , according to the reading humpback whale...
^^
Line 5, column 91, Rule ID: THERE_S_MANY[4]
Message: Did you mean 'there are no landmarks'?
Suggestion: there are no landmarks
... straight direction relying on stars as there is no landmarks they can use. However, the speaker ques...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, first, furthermore, however, if, may, second, so, in contrast
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 3.0 10.4613686534 29% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1156.0 1373.03311258 84% => OK
No of words: 219.0 270.72406181 81% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.27853881279 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.84690116678 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.59608732933 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 133.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.607305936073 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 344.7 419.366225166 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.911316217 49.2860985944 71% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.6 110.228320801 105% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.9 21.698381199 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.2 7.06452816374 116% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.303012309701 0.272083759551 111% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.127694979178 0.0996497079465 128% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0607721270768 0.0662205650399 92% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.169473868232 0.162205337803 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.069527985448 0.0443174109184 157% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 53.8541721854 93% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.34 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.57 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 54.0 63.6247240618 85% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.