Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The reading states that in contrast of possiblity of maintaining human presence on Mars and Moon, the conditions on Venus are unwilling to access this objective on that. The lecturer, however, finds the idea dubious and casts doubt on the reasons proposed by the reading passage by providing an example of good condition as a station above the Venus in floating condition.
The author argues that the high atmospheric pressure at Venus causes difficulties for landing on its surface. Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that due to the fact that by increasing the height and going high in atmosphere, the pressure decreases; living on this station above Venus surface on floating condition will not brings about any problems for human's life.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that water vapor and oxygen which are necessary for human's life, are not presented on Venus surface as well as it should be, so they may be required to be imported from the Earth, which is not practical. On the contrary, the professor underlines the fact that, although water vapor and oxygen are not sufficient on Venus, other compounds such as carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid on its atmosphere can be used to produce these essential components.
Finally, the reading asserts that thick clouds above the Venus surface reflect a significant percentage of sunlight and just a very little light reaches the surface, which make the situation difficult for people to provide power for their machines and apparatus. In contrast, the speaker dismisses this issue due to the fact that the discussed floating station are located above these thick clouds. As a result, humans not only can have access to the direct sunlight, but also they can attract the reflected light from thick clouds.
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| 2023-07-14 | Zmx_6 | 80 | view |
| 2023-07-14 | Zmx_6 | 80 | view |
| 2023-06-25 | YasamanEsml | 65 | view |
| 2023-02-11 | reza_fattahi | 83 | view |
| 2023-02-11 | reza_fattahi | 76 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...above the Venus in floating condition. The author argues that the high atmospheric...
^^^
Line 2, column 268, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...phere, the pressure decreases; living on this station above Venus surface on floa...
^^
Line 2, column 334, Rule ID: DONT_NEEDS[2]
Message: Did you mean 'bring'?
Suggestion: bring
... surface on floating condition will not brings about any problems for humans life. Fu...
^^^^^^
Line 2, column 334, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'will' requires the base form of the verb: 'bring'
Suggestion: bring
... surface on floating condition will not brings about any problems for humans life. Fu...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, conversely, finally, furthermore, however, if, may, so, well, in contrast, such as, as a result, as well as, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1490.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 294.0 270.72406181 109% => OK
Chars per words: 5.06802721088 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.14082457966 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.57231025449 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 162.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.551020408163 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 459.0 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 32.0 21.2450331126 151% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 58.223706512 49.2860985944 118% => OK
Chars per sentence: 165.555555556 110.228320801 150% => OK
Words per sentence: 32.6666666667 21.698381199 151% => OK
Discourse Markers: 15.0 7.06452816374 212% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.192750171508 0.272083759551 71% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0819400856803 0.0996497079465 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.086508507322 0.0662205650399 131% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.116673992964 0.162205337803 72% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0690149039704 0.0443174109184 156% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.8 13.3589403974 141% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 39.0 53.8541721854 72% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.8 11.0289183223 143% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.72 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.41 8.42419426049 112% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 63.6247240618 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.8 10.498013245 141% => OK
text_standard: 19.0 11.2008830022 170% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.