Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree's decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears' diet. Although the bears' clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
Last try:02/01/2020 03:59Word Count: 633
The article proposes three different reasons to explain what is the reason for killing the yellow cedar in the northwestern of the North America. It asserts that the population of the yellow cedar is declining since 1880. On the other hand, the professor refutes all the author's reasons, and he avers that we can only say that we don't know what is the primary reason; he adds that none of those reasons are adequate.
First, the reading claims that cedar bark beetle can be the first cause of this decrease in the population of tree in last century. It mentions that beetle larvae eat the wood which lead to tree’s death. Conversely, the lecturer challenges this reason by explaining that yellow cedar bark has a poisonous chemical that give the tree resistance to beetle. Because of this natural resistance, the beetle only infects unhealthy trees. He avers that it is unknown why yellow cedar get weak and susceptible to the beetle, then beetle is not the real reason of this decline.
Second, the author asserts that brown bear which claw at yellow cedar to eat it bark is supposed to be another reason for this decline. Although the bear eating may not kill the trees, it weakens them, the article says. However, the speaker repudiates this point by mentioning that cedar population decline has happened not only in the main area in the northwestern, but it has also happened in islands where bears do not live there. He concludes that bear clawing could not be responsible for this decline, since it is seen in all the coastal line of the North America.
Third, the lecture proposes that gradually climate change in the last century, and the daily and seasonal fluctuation has had a freezing effect on the rooting system of trees which cause this death. Controversially, the spokesman refutes this notion by saying that it the falling temperature cause the root of trees damage, it should happen in the higher altitude with lower temperature. Because this freezing has happened in the lower altitude where the climate is colder it can be the real reason.
- tpo 16 70
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 331, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...d he avers that we can only say that we dont know what is the primary reason; he add...
^^^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...t none of those reasons are adequate. First, the reading claims that cedar bar...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... not the real reason of this decline. Second, the author asserts that brown be...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 87, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'barks'?
Suggestion: barks
...ar which claw at yellow cedar to eat it bark is supposed to be another reason for th...
^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...the coastal line of the North America. Third, the lecture proposes that gradual...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 396, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Because” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...higher altitude with lower temperature. Because this freezing has happened in the lower...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, conversely, first, however, if, may, second, so, then, third, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 42.0 22.412803532 187% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1713.0 1373.03311258 125% => OK
No of words: 354.0 270.72406181 131% => OK
Chars per words: 4.83898305085 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.33761313653 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47419733703 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.491525423729 0.540411800872 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 519.3 419.366225166 124% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 45.3629315141 49.2860985944 92% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.2 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.6 21.698381199 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.0 7.06452816374 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.200348347031 0.272083759551 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0824049044485 0.0996497079465 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0781150523151 0.0662205650399 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.124561875724 0.162205337803 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0443733186112 0.0443174109184 100% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 13.3589403974 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.09 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.26 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 63.6247240618 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.