In this set of materials, the reading passage states that Pterosaurs, an ancient group of winged reptiles, were not capable of powered flight and provides three reasons. However, the lecturer argues that based on recent important studies, scientists express that they may be able to fly and refute all the reasons by offering several evidences.
First of all, it is mentioned in the article that since researchers consider Pterosaurs cold-blooded, they had slow metabolism and definitely could not produce enough energy to fly. In contrast, the professor asserts that recent discoveries show that dense hairs like feather covered the body of animal which means they were probably warm-blooded similar to birds So, it was practical for them to generate the energy needed for flight. In fact, they are not in the category of reptiles anymore.
Furthermore, the reading claims that heavy animals cannot fly and Pterosaurs are among huge animals. On the contrary, the professor explains that despite of large body, their weight were light because of hollow bones instead of dense ones. It allowed them to flap their wings fast and stay aloft for any length of time. Hence, the weight was not a big issue to prevent them from movement.
Finally, the passage believes that weak muscles in the back legs of Pterosaurs make it impossible for them to take off. Conversely, the professor contends that this type of animals are different with birds and use all four limbs to jump. Although birds just need to use their two legs to run to gain speed, Pterosaurs move their four limbs to push off the grounds and jump high enough to fly in the air. Therefore, this reason is not convincing to reject the idea of powered flight.
- In some countries teenagers have jobs while they are still students Do you think this is a good idea Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details 93
- TOPIC # 56 A company is going to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment. Which do you think the company should choose? 50
- Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer? 76
- In order to attract more tourists the government could either improve safety by hiring more police or improve its appearance by repairing old buildings and streets Which way do you think is more effective 68
- The Plain of Jars is an archaeological site in the Southeast Asian country of Laos At the site hundreds of large stone jars ranging in size from one to three meters are scattered across the countryside These numerous large containers are around 2 000 year 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 446, Rule ID: ALLOW_TO[1]
Message: Did you mean 'rejecting'? Or maybe you should add a pronoun? In active voice, 'convince' + 'to' takes an object, usually a pronoun.
Suggestion: rejecting
...herefore, this reason is not convincing to reject the idea of powered flight.
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, may, so, therefore, in contrast, in fact, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 45.0 30.3222958057 148% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1435.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 289.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 4.96539792388 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12310562562 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47780825932 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.602076124567 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 433.8 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 54.0603432292 49.2860985944 110% => OK
Chars per sentence: 110.384615385 110.228320801 100% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.2307692308 21.698381199 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.1538461538 7.06452816374 144% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.147229117668 0.272083759551 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.045980930046 0.0996497079465 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0399193365248 0.0662205650399 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0839166687017 0.162205337803 52% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0174164811323 0.0443174109184 39% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.1 13.3589403974 98% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.84 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.5 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 69.0 63.6247240618 108% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.7273730684 126% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.