In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.
First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.
A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including antifungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.
Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would recover.
In the reading passage, the author concentrates on several methods to deal with the issue of frog population decline. However, the lecturer casts doubt on these methods and respectively points out the problems with all author's assertions.
Firstly, the author argues that there should be prohibitive laws to prevent the farmers from using pesticides harmful to sensitive frogs in areas near their habitats. In contrast, the lecturer challenges this idea and states that reducing pesticides in agricultural farms is not an economically practical solution. farmers rely on these pesticides, and if their use is restricted in order to preserve the frog population, farmers will lose a lot of crops and yields.
Secondly, the author suggests that the fungus formed on the frogs' skin, which causes infection, can be killed through several methods including antifungal medication and treatments. On the contrary, the lecturer brings up the fact that there is a couple of problems with this solution. The first one is that these treatments should be applied to each individual frog, and implementing such a large-scale project will be very difficult and expensive. On the other hand, the effects of these treatments on frogs would not be passed on to their offsprings. Thus, the treatments should be applied again and again to the new generations, which is a complicated and costly process.
Lastly, the author asserts that protecting key water habitats like lakes and marches from draining and excessive water use can preserve the population of many frog species. Conversely, the lecturer refutes this claim too and clarifies that excessive water use is not the main factor causing damage to frog populations and they are most affected by global warming. Therefore, restricting the excessive use of water is unlikely to compensate for the negative impacts of global warming.
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| 2024-01-11 | sanddy | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 315, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Farmers
...not an economically practical solution. farmers rely on these pesticides, and if their ...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
conversely, first, firstly, however, if, lastly, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, in contrast, in fact, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1575.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 297.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.30303030303 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15134772569 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.83214022666 2.5805825403 110% => OK
Unique words: 162.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.545454545455 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 477.9 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 29.0427149203 49.2860985944 59% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 121.153846154 110.228320801 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.8461538462 21.698381199 105% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.0769230769 7.06452816374 157% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.131769801695 0.272083759551 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0487180041044 0.0996497079465 49% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0296975457073 0.0662205650399 45% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0754882051035 0.162205337803 47% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0108420218775 0.0443174109184 24% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.0 13.3589403974 112% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.76 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.3 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 86.0 63.6247240618 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 10.7273730684 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.