Throughout the world's oceans, hard structures such as natural reefs provide ideal marine habitats. Reefs provide hard surfaces to which plants, coral and sponges can attach, and thereby provide food and shelter for many types of fish. Recently, workers in the fishing industry have tried to increase the amount of suitable habitat for fish by construction artificial reefs from old metal objects and industrial materials and placing them in coastal waters. Artificial reefs have several benefits.
Many fishers believe that by giving fish more places to gather and reproduce, artificial reefs have increased the populations of some species of fish. For example, a report from one extensive artificial reef program in the Gulf of Mexico shows that the number of red snapper fish harvested in the area has increased by as much as ten times compared with harvests a century ago. The increases in the number of fish caught began after the start of the artificial reef program.
Artificial reefs can also improve the economic competitiveness of small-scale fishers. This is because small-scale fishers are able to create their own private artificial reefs in secret locations only they know. Currently, small-scale fishers struggle to compete with larger corporations because fishing grounds are limited in number and most are known to everyone. Creating fishing areas known only to the fishers who make them will help independent fishers support themselves and their local communities.
Finally, artificial reefs are a good way to recycle materials no longer needed for other purposes. Artificial reefs can be made from old cars and other objects that are otherwise difficult to dispose of. Once these materials have been cleaned to ensure that no harmful chemicals remain, they can be placed in the ocean to serve as reefs for marine life. Artificial reefs thus provide a relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly way to reuse materials.
The listening opposes the idea raised in the passage that artificial reefs are beneficial to the marine environment in several ways, and points out the problems of each point mentioned in the article with convincing evidence.
Firstly, while the passage states that the population of certain species of fish will increase by introducing artificial reefs, the professor argues that it will lead to an opposite effect in reality since artificial reefs attract fish to a single spot so that they can be easily caught by other fish. Because the same species of fish tend to gather together in one place, a large number of them will be eaten and cause a decline in their species.
Secondly, the article mentions that by constructing artificial reefs, the economic competitiveness of small-scale fishers will be promoted because such areas containing a large amount of fish are exclusively known to themselves, without having to compete against big corporations. However, the professor in the listening rebuts that these places will not remain unknown to others for a long period, and eventually, these fish will be revealed and small-scale fishers will lose competitiveness at that time.
Finally, the author of the passage says that it is a perfect approach to recycle materials that are not useful anymore as artificial reefs, after harmful chemicals are cleaned. But the professor argues that they will still cause environmental damage to the sea. To illustrate his point, he further points out that a special material made from car tires is often used to create artificial reefs. If such reefs encounter a current, it will crash into the sea floor and result in damage to marine plants along with other lives.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement University students should be required to take at least one course that teaches them the culture of a country rather than their own 80
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 374, Rule ID: LARGE_NUMBER_OF[1]
Message: Specify a number, remove phrase, or simply use 'many' or 'numerous'
Suggestion: many; numerous
...h tend to gather together in one place, a large number of them will be eaten and cause a decline ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, firstly, however, if, second, secondly, so, still, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1432.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 280.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 5.11428571429 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09062348924 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.74875667626 2.5805825403 107% => OK
Unique words: 160.0 145.348785872 110% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.571428571429 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 450.9 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 31.0 21.2450331126 146% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 69.4375996627 49.2860985944 141% => OK
Chars per sentence: 159.111111111 110.228320801 144% => OK
Words per sentence: 31.1111111111 21.698381199 143% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.55555555556 7.06452816374 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0785720202366 0.272083759551 29% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.034065567039 0.0996497079465 34% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0348179588531 0.0662205650399 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0502589116265 0.162205337803 31% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0115087036027 0.0443174109184 26% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.2 13.3589403974 136% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 40.01 53.8541721854 74% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 11.0289183223 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.95 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.01 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 68.0 63.6247240618 107% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 19.0 10.7273730684 177% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.4 10.498013245 137% => OK
text_standard: 19.0 11.2008830022 170% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.