The reading and the lecture are about the declination of sea otters in the western coast of North America. While article suggests that this may can be caused by environmental pollution, the lecturer refutes saying that the attacks by predators are the main cause.
First, the passage mentions that water samples showed increased levels of chemical substances like oil rigs, might decrease the otter's resistance to infections. On the contrary, the professor stated that the pollution theory is weak when dead sea otters were found near the coast of beach.
Additionally, the article mentions that other mammals were also declined. Animals like seals and sea lions were affected by the environmental pollution. The lecturer refutes this indicates that other mammals declined as a result of the human hunting to whales, which are the principal orca's meal. As a result, the orca started to hunt other animals like sea lions and seals.
Finally, the author arguments that some other environmental factors could create different concentration of pollutants. This can also explain the otters decline. Against this, the lecturer states that the pattern is related to predator theory more than environmental pollution. She mentions that it depends on the orcas access to some locations. In fact, in places where orcas live, the number of sea otters is reduced, but they did not decline where orcas can not access.
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- Summarize the main points made in the lecture that just heard, discussing how they cast doubt on points made in the reading. You can refer to the reading passage as you write(Extracted from the Complete guid to the TOEFL test, Practice test 2, Integrated 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 129, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'otters'' or 'otter's'?
Suggestion: otters'; otter's
...ances like oil rigs, might decrease the otters resistance to infections. On the contra...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 286, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'orcas'' or 'orca's'?
Suggestion: orcas'; orca's
...ting to whales, which are the principal orcas meal. As a result, the orca started to ...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, may, so, while, in fact, as a result, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1188.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 226.0 270.72406181 83% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.25663716814 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.87727950738 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62277058142 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 130.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.575221238938 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 363.6 419.366225166 87% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.4853082358 49.2860985944 72% => OK
Chars per sentence: 91.3846153846 110.228320801 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.3846153846 21.698381199 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.46153846154 7.06452816374 91% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.423112662234 0.272083759551 156% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.145244599583 0.0996497079465 146% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0508318796002 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.238288736017 0.162205337803 147% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.02442461847 0.0443174109184 55% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 13.3589403974 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.93 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.09 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.