The issue both the reading and the listening focus on is causes for the Little Ice Age, but the listening casts doubt at three main points.
At the first point, the reading states that cooling was caused by ocean currents disruption. Since melted glaciers sent cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, they disrupted the current and caused the Little Ice Age. According to the listening, if the disruption had caused the phenomenon, then the cooling would have happened only in Europe and North America. But parts of the Southern Hemisphere, such as New Zealand, were also affected. Hence, current disruption cannot explain the cooling in southern parts.
At the second point, the reading mentions that volcanic eruptions led to dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas being sent into the atmosphere. The clouds blocked the sunlight, thus decreasing global temperatures. However, the listening argues that if there were enough clouds, it may result in global cooling. But if that had happened, there also would have been noticeable visual effects like dramatic colored sunsets and colored snow. Since no records of such events exists, dark clouds were not strong enough to have caused the Little Ice Age.
At the third point, the reading believes that human populations decreased substantially, so forest trees started growing. These trees absorbed carbon dioxide, decreased the green house effect and cooled the Earth. On the contrary, the listening confirms that trees did not have enough time to regrow after human populations had decreased. Therefore, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed was not sufficient to create the Little Ice Age.
- TPO 27 integrated writing Little ice age 75
- TPO 50 Independent Writing Task all university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is 76
- TPO-49 - Integrated Writing Task 73
- TPO-48 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Because modern life is very complex, it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize. 73
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to know about events happening around the world, even if it is unlikely that they will affect your daily life. 76
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, hence, however, if, may, second, so, then, therefore, third, thus, such as, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1383.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 263.0 270.72406181 97% => OK
Chars per words: 5.25855513308 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.02706775958 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.45794478704 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 151.0 145.348785872 104% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.574144486692 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 405.0 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 24.0726677652 49.2860985944 49% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 92.2 110.228320801 84% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5333333333 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.26666666667 7.06452816374 103% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.472700504867 0.272083759551 174% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.143906901614 0.0996497079465 144% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.102299146039 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.26261005545 0.162205337803 162% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0600797640742 0.0443174109184 136% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.93 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.5 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.