The reading and the lecture are both about the little ice age, which is the period of unusual cold temperature in different parts of the world. The article of the reading provides three reasons for the causes of the little ice age. However, the lecturer cast doubts on all the points.
First of all, the reading passage points out that one of the causes was the disrupting of ocean currents in the gulf stream. The professor rebuts this point by saying the gulf stream happened in Europe and America, and the little ice age also happened in Newzelend and southern Africa. As a result, the disruption of ocean currents cannot cause the Little Ice Age.
Secondly, the writer suggests that volcanic eruption was another cause. It is mentioned that volcanoes send dark clouds of dust and these clouds consequently decrease the global temperature. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that bb saying it is true that volcanoes sent dark dust, but it was not that strong to change the ice color. Also, he mentioned that no one reported that there was any change in ice colors or extraordinary phenomenon.
Finally, the author of the reading avers that one of the causes was the substantial decrease in the human population which contributed to the change in climate. Moreover, the forest trees caused some changing in climate. The professor refutes this idea. He contends that there was not enough time to the effect of decreasing the greenhouse effect. Also, the forest is not that big to change the climate.
All in all, the lecturer debunks all the points that the author of the reading made.
- TPO-27 - Integrated Writing Task The little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scient 73
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- TPO-19 - Integrated Writing Task Many consumers ignore commercial advertisements. In response, advertising companies have started using a new tactic, called “buzzing." The advertisers hire people,buzzers,who personally promote (buzz) products to people 81
- TPO-22 - Integrated Writing Task Ethanol fuel, made from plants such as corn and sugar cane, has been advocated by some people as an alternative to gasoline in the United States. However, many critics argue that ethanol is not a good replacement for gasol 70
- TPO-20 - Integrated Writing Task In the United States, it had been common practice since the late 1960s no to suppress natural forest fires. The “let it burn” policy assumed that forest fire would burn themselves out quickly, without causing much dama 81
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 6, column 450, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ice colors or extraordinary phenomenon. Finally, the author of the reading avers...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, consequently, finally, first, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, as a result, first of all, it is true, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1334.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 274.0 270.72406181 101% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86861313869 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0685311056 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4364587385 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.503649635036 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 406.8 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 13.0 8.23620309051 158% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 39.2913794617 49.2860985944 80% => OK
Chars per sentence: 83.375 110.228320801 76% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.125 21.698381199 79% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.875 7.06452816374 126% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.27373068433 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.368537820314 0.272083759551 135% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.122971740762 0.0996497079465 123% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0923534399502 0.0662205650399 139% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.183374272278 0.162205337803 113% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.105965175748 0.0443174109184 239% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.1 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.67 12.2367328918 87% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.94 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 60.0 63.6247240618 94% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 75.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.