In Bering Island around lived Steller sea cow which were extinction in 176. The author presents three theories behind extinction of sea cow. The lecturer casts doubt to claims made in the article. He believes that no caused found for extinction of sea cow. He says that theories of the author problematic and unconvincing.
First of all, according to the reading, over hunting sea cow by native Siberian people were responsible for extinction. In response, the lecturer mentions that massive sea cow nine meters long and ten ton weight which was one month meal for Siberian population. It is fact that they hunting sea cow but impossible that they hunted huge cow for meal because of less population of Siberian people did not required that much food.
Secondly, the author implies that disturbance of ecosystem caused decrease the food for sea cow such as kelp was responsible for extinction of sea cow. The lecturer, in contrast, explains that if kelp decline in sea then other marine species such as whale population also affects by this disturbance but according to the analysis no other marine species affect by disturbance so, hypotheses made in the article was false.
Finally, the reading claims that large weapon to killed huge cow by European fur traders were culprit for extinction sea cow. This point challenged by lecturer. He states that when European traders came in Island that time already decline cow population. In fact, hundred years before started decrease the cow population, therefore extinction not for European fur trader but other reasons to population extinction.
- TPO-32 - Integrated Writing Task Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews 71
- TPO-14 - Independent Writing Task Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 70
- Integrated essay. ETS OFFICIAL TOEFL iBT TEST-4 3
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 215, Rule ID: NOW[1]
Message: Did you mean 'now' (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?
Suggestion: now
...s made in the article. He believes that no caused found for extinction of sea cow....
^^
Line 2, column 403, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'did' requires the base form of the verb: 'require'
Suggestion: require
...s population of Siberian people did not required that much food. Secondly, the author i...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 354, Rule ID: AFFECT_EFFECT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'effect'?
Suggestion: effect
...to the analysis no other marine species affect by disturbance so, hypotheses made in the ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 264, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a hundred'.
Suggestion: a hundred
...lready decline cow population. In fact, hundred years before started decrease the cow p...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, if, second, secondly, so, then, therefore, in contrast, in fact, such as, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 17.0 5.01324503311 339% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1336.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 260.0 270.72406181 96% => OK
Chars per words: 5.13846153846 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.01553427287 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.6348147033 2.5805825403 102% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.515384615385 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 405.9 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 60.1364095628 49.2860985944 122% => OK
Chars per sentence: 95.4285714286 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.5714285714 21.698381199 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.07142857143 7.06452816374 114% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.515597909885 0.272083759551 189% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.200946531688 0.0996497079465 202% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.124335654411 0.0662205650399 188% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.329708508494 0.162205337803 203% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0218933036834 0.0443174109184 49% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.53 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.93 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.