TPO 47 Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered whether large pterosaurs were capable of powered flight (flying by flapping their wings) or whether they were able only to glide. Several arguments have been made against powered flight.
The reading and lecture are both about whether Pterosaurs were capable of powered flight or able to glide its body on the ground. The author of the reading believes that there are uncertainty when winged reptiles were able to sustain flight above the ground. However, the lecturer casts doubts about the claims made in the passage, saying that Pterosaurs were capable of powered flight.
First of all, the author points out that species of Pterosaurs belonged to cold blooded animals. The article notes that it means that they have slow metabolism are not able to produce a large amount of energy to sustain powered flight. Conversely, the point is challenged by the lecturer. She says that the metabolism of the winged creature has dense hair like covering like fur, so they are warm blooded species. Furthermore, she argues that this animal need to maintain high body temperature when the external environment is cold and it can supply enough energy to preserve for flying.
Secondly, the author contends that their heavy bodies cannot tolerate flying, as a result, they are not able to flap their wings fast enough to stay above ground. On the contrary, the lecturer rebuts this argument. She suggests that the anatomical features of Pterosaurs are unusually light, their bones were hollow instead of solid bones. Moreover, she elaborates on this by mentioning that their body weight is low despite their huge body frame. In addition, they can be airborne and they can flap their wings for long periods of time.
Finally, the author states that animals that are capable of powered flight can take off from the ground. The article denotes that they use their legs from jumping or running to gain speed and momentum before flying. The lecturer, on the other hand, posits that birds and Pterosaurs have different purposes in their body parts. She puts forth the idea that birds has two limbs to push off the ground and fly while Pterosaurs has four legs which they use for pushing off ground. The largest winged creature has no trouble of running fast and jumping through the air and flying.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
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| 2019-07-16 | mike10m1 | 75 | view |
| 2022-12-08 | HSNDEK | 70 | view |
| 2020-05-29 | thichngaodu27 | view | |
| 2020-05-30 | thichngaodu27 | 80 | view |
| 2020-05-29 | thichngaodu27 | view |
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, while, in addition, as a result, first of all, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 41.0 22.412803532 183% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 47.0 30.3222958057 155% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1747.0 1373.03311258 127% => OK
No of words: 354.0 270.72406181 131% => OK
Chars per words: 4.93502824859 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.33761313653 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.27460777523 2.5805825403 88% => OK
Unique words: 180.0 145.348785872 124% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.508474576271 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 524.7 419.366225166 125% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 31.2293882642 49.2860985944 63% => OK
Chars per sentence: 97.0555555556 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.6666666667 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.55555555556 7.06452816374 135% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.441642137743 0.272083759551 162% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.12865223966 0.0996497079465 129% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0663104008908 0.0662205650399 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.256934047632 0.162205337803 158% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0304718278105 0.0443174109184 69% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.7 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.37 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.61 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 68.0 63.6247240618 107% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.