TPO35 In 1912 a bookseller named Wilfrid M. Voynich acquired a beautifully illustrated handwritten book (manuscript) written on vellum (vellum is a material that was used for writing before the introduction of paper). The "Voynich manuscript," as it became known, resembles manuscripts written in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. However, it is written in a completely unknown script. To date, no one has been able to decode the script and understand the book's content. Several theories have been proposed to explain the origin of the Voynich manuscript. One theory is that the manuscript is a genuine work on some scientific or magical subject composed in a complex secret code. Anthony Ascham, a sixteenth-century physician and botanist, has been identified as a possible author, since many plant illustrations in the Voynich manuscript are quite similar to those in Ascham's book on medicinal plants, A Little Herbal, published in 1550. According to some other theories, the manuscript is really a fake and its text has no real meaning. For example, it has been proposed the manuscript was created by Edward Kelley, a sixteenth century personality who extracted money from nobles across Europe by pretending to have magical powers. Kelley may have created the manuscript as a fake magical book to sell to a wealthy noble. He used a made-up alphabet in a completely random order. It looks like a book of magical secrets, but there is no meaningful underlying text. Another theory is that the manuscript is actually a modern fake created by Wilfrid M. Voynich himself. As an antique book dealer, Voynich certainly had the knowledge of what old manuscripts should look like and could have created a fake one. Perhaps Voynich's plan was to sell the fake as a mysterious old book if he received an attractive offer.
The author of the passage and the lecturer both discuss an old handwritten book, named "Voynivh manuscript". The passage claims that there are three theories about the book's writer, While the professor refutes each of those theories with his own reasons.
First of all, The passage states that there is a possibility that the book was written by a great scientific figure, Anthony Ascham. However, The lecturer believes this specific scientific was a simple physician who had not be able to make such complex codes. He adds the fact that in this book there is a section mentioning one type of plant and Ascham did not have any knowledge about that, so we can not consider him as a author of the book.
Secondly, the reading passage mentions another hypothesis which indicates that Edward Kelley wrote the book for tempting rich people to buy it so the book was fake. On the other hand, the professor accepts that Kelley was such a person, who want to make fake things but contradicts the passages claim because he believes Edward did not need to build a complex manuscript like this one to reach his goal and the book was so sophisticated to be writen only for attracting rich people.
Finally, the author in the passage says the book can be created by Wilfrid and it is not that much old and again it is not real book. nevertheless, the leturer thinks it is not possible because there is particular ink having been used in the manuscript which was a ink belongs to a privious time, almost 100 year bafore Wilfrid. so if he wanted to make it, he would be able to rich that ink, and it is not rational
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- tpo33 71
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- The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago it caused much concern because sea otte 63
- The opinions of celebrities such as famous entertainers and athletes are more important to younger people than they are to older people Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 179, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'books'' or 'book's'?
Suggestion: books'; book's
...that there are three theories about the books writer, While the professor refutes eac...
^^^^^
Line 2, column 224, Rule ID: HAVE_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error -- use past participle here: 'been'.
Suggestion: been
...ific was a simple physician who had not be able to make such complex codes. He add...
^^
Line 2, column 423, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...out that, so we can not consider him as a author of the book. Secondly, the read...
^
Line 4, column 134, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Nevertheless
...much old and again it is not real book. nevertheless, the leturer thinks it is not possible ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 263, Rule ID: EN_A_VS_AN
Message: Use 'an' instead of 'a' if the following word starts with a vowel sound, e.g. 'an article', 'an hour'
Suggestion: an
...g been used in the manuscript which was a ink belongs to a privious time, almost ...
^
Line 4, column 329, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: So
...s time, almost 100 year bafore Wilfrid. so if he wanted to make it, he would be ab...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, while, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 10.4613686534 182% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 24.0 30.3222958057 79% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1326.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 288.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 4.60416666667 5.08290768461 91% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11953428781 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5495097568 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.545138888889 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 408.6 419.366225166 97% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 28.0 21.2450331126 132% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 60.5636854889 49.2860985944 123% => OK
Chars per sentence: 132.6 110.228320801 120% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.8 21.698381199 133% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.8 7.06452816374 153% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.146215709536 0.272083759551 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0623325099872 0.0996497079465 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0381386438166 0.0662205650399 58% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.092140601964 0.162205337803 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0138915335538 0.0443174109184 31% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.6 13.3589403974 109% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 59.98 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.8 11.0289183223 107% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 9.99 12.2367328918 82% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.21 8.42419426049 97% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 10.498013245 126% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.