06 October 2021
Two scientists have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing a molecule-building tool that can produce many important compounds in a "greener" way.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the awards Wednesday for Germany's Benjamin List and Scotland-born David MacMillan. List is with Germany's Max Planck Institute, while MacMillan is a professor at America's Princeton University.
Work by the two scientists has permitted researchers to more effectively produce molecules for things like medicines and pesticides and with less environmental harm. The academy called the winners' development method "an ingenious tool for building molecules."
The process of making molecules requires the linking of individual atoms together in specific positions. This can be very slow and difficult. For many years, chemists had only two methods -- or catalysts -- to speed up the process. These used either complex enzymes or metal catalysts.
That all changed in 2000, when List and MacMillan independently reported that small organic molecules can be used to do the same job.
The process has made the production of some drugs easier, including an antiviral and an anti-anxiety medication, the academy said. It noted that an estimated 35 percent of the world's total Gross Domestic Product, GDP, "in some way involves chemical catalysis."
Jon Lorsch is director of the United States National Institute of General Medical Sciences. He likened the scientists' work to "molecular carpentry."
"They've found ways to not only speed up the chemical joining," he said, "but to make sure it only goes in either the right-handed or left-handed direction."
Johan Aqvist, chair of the Nobel panel, called the new method as "simple as it is ingenious." "The fact is that many people have wondered why we didn't think of it earlier," he added.
H.N. Cheng is president of the American Chemical Society. He said the two winners had developed "new magic wands." He added that before their work, the usual molecule building methods often resulted in environmental damage or harm.
Speaking after the announcement, List said the award came as a "huge surprise." He said at the beginning he did not know that MacMillan was working on the same subject, and he thought his effort might turn out to be, what he called, a "stupid idea." But he added: "When I saw it worked, I did feel that this could be something big."
MacMillan said the start of his catalysis work was "a pretty simple idea that really sparked a lot of different research."
He added: "The part we're just so proud of is that you don't have to have huge amounts of equipment and huge amounts of money to do fine things in chemistry."
I'm Bryan Lynn.
The Associated Press and Reuters reported on this story. Bryan Lynn adapted the reports for VOA Learning English. Susan Shand was the editor.
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Words in This Story
pesticide – n. a chemical used to kill insects
ingenious – adj. very smart and involving new ideas, equipment or methods
catalyst – n. a substance that makes a chemical reaction happen more quickly
organic – adj. used in chemistry to describe chemicals that contain carbon
anxiety – n. fear or nervousness about what might happen
carpentry – n. the activity of making and repairing wooden objects
magic wand – n. a small stick used by people who perform tricks for entertainment
spark – v. to cause the start of something
proud – adj. very happy and pleased because of something you have done