2005-12-18
I'm Steve Ember with the VOA Special English Development Report.
Foreign aid is an important part of international efforts to reduce poverty. The United States Agency for International Development has an estimate of the amount given since the early nineteen fifties. It says seventy countries have received more than one million million dollars in payments and loans from Western nations.
But does foreign aid work? Reporter Aida Akl recently discussed the issue with several experts for VOA's Focus program.
Michael Radew is a researcher at the World Policy Institute in New York. He says foreign aid can lead to, in his words, "all the wrong economic policies that made those countries poor in the first place." Mister Radew argues that it does not help the majority of poor people in a country. Instead, he says, it strengthens the officials in power who are generally unelected.
Other experts say foreign aid has produced mixed results, depending on where and how the money is spent. They note successful examples like Taiwan and South Korea. The two have since become wealthy enough to give foreign aid themselves.
Steve Radelet is a researcher at the Center for Global Development in Washington, D.C. He says foreign aid is least effective in countries like Somalia and Haiti where governments are especially weak. And he says it is "highly risky" also in politically insecure countries like Iraq and Afghanistan. But Mister Radelet says the world must continue to give money, even though some of it will disappear or be stolen.
United Nations experts agree that foreign aid faces difficulties in parts of the world without much democracy. In southern Africa, poverty rates increased from forty-one percent in nineteen eighty-one to forty-six percent in two thousand one.
The director of the Poverty Reduction Program at the World Bank notes the situation in sub-Saharan Africa. But Luca Barbone says foreign aid has done a lot to reduce poverty worldwide.
Yet because it is often stolen or misused, there are calls for new methods of giving. George Ayitey is a Ghanaian-born economics professor at American University in Washington. He says Western countries should give less aid, but remove trade barriers so they import more goods from developing nations. Professor Ayitey also suggests that donor nations direct how they want their money spent.
This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill Moss. Our reports are online at WWW.testbig.com. I'm Steve Ember.