30 May, 2017
Former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega died in a Panama City hospital on Monday. He was 83 years old.
Noriega had been in a coma since March. He had been recovering from several operations related to removing cancer from his brain earlier this year.
Noriega ruled Panama from 1983 to 1989. His time in power is remembered as a time of corruption and violence in the Central American country.
Before and during his rule, Noriega received millions of dollars in payments from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In exchange, he provided intelligence to the U.S. government. He reported on events in Panama and the rest of Latin America.
At the time, a number of rebel groups operated in the area. Noriega informed the CIA about guerilla and terrorist activities.
The United States used his information to seize illegal drugs at sea and follow the secret movement of money in and out of Panama's banks.
But his relations with the U.S. government worsened after a political opponent was killed in 1985. In addition, Noriega appeared to begin working with the drug traffickers.
Members of Panama's military attempted to overthrow him but failed. The leaders of the attempted rebellion were arrested and executed without being tried.
In 1989, President George H.W. Bush ordered 28,000 U.S. troops to invade Panama, oust Noriega from power and capture him.
During the operation, 23 American troops were killed. More than 300 others were wounded. The U.S. military estimates 200 Panamanian civilians died and 314 soldiers were killed.
After Noriega's capture, he was brought to the United States to face legal action. He was tried and jailed for 17 years after being found guilty on drug trafficking charges. In 2007, Noriega was sent to France, where he was jailed on money-laundering charges. He was returned to Panama in 2011 and imprisoned.
After Noriega was ousted, economic conditions in Panama seemed to improve. The United States gave the Panamanian government control of the Panama Canal in 1999. Panama expanded the waterway. The number of foreigners visiting the country has increased and property values have risen.
But the country of 3.9 million people still suffers from the corruption that worsened during Noriega's rule. And drug traffickers and money launderers still operate there.
Panama's President Juan Carlos Varela said on the social networking website Twitter that Noriega's death "closes a chapter in our history."
Varela said Noreiga's wife and three daughters have a right to bury him in peace.
I'm Alice Bryant.
VOA's Chris Hannas wrote this story. Christopher Jones-Cruise adapted his report for Learning English. He also used information from the Associated Press and Reuters news agencies. George Grow was the editor.
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Words in This Story
coma – n. a state in which a sick or injured person is unconscious for a long time
traffic – v. to buy or sell something especially illegally
launder – v. to put (money that you got by doing something illegal) into a business or bank account in order to hide where it really came from