21 June, 2016
In the Education Tips series, education experts offer suggestions about how you can improve your English skills. This week, Tamara Jones, a program coordinator at the English Language Center at Howard Community College, talks about how movements can help English learners remember words.
If you are like most students, you probably sit still while learning a new language.
However, sitting still may not always be the best way to learn.
English learners can improve their language skills through movement, says Tamara Jones. She works at the English Language Center at Howard Community College in Maryland.
Jones notes that English learners can improve their pronunciation by studying with something really simple: a rubber band.
The relationship between movements and your brain
So, what is the relationship between physical movement and the brain?
The idea is that the brain and the body are joined together. This means that one affects the other.
Many people are familiar with the idea that the brain tells the body to move. And many people are familiar with the idea that repetition -- repeating an action over and over again -- helps your brain to remember.
However, some research, such as a study by Morsella and Krauss, suggests that your body might help your brain to find memories. Specifically, movements we make with our body, such as hand gestures, may help us to remember and use the correct words.
This idea is part of the reason why experts on learning strategies, which are ways to improve the learning process, suggest using movements.
One learning strategy approach, the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach, or CALLA, calls the use of movements 'Using Your Kinesthetic Sense.'
Beyond helping the brain to find memories, movements also aid in learning, says Tamara Jones of Howard Community College.
"There's a lot of research that suggests what you do with your body, you remember with your brain. And also, a lot of these physical movements will encourage us in class or in life, when we are practicing on our own, to repeat and repeat and repeat the word as we are doing the physical movement, and this also helps us remember the words."
Pronunciation and Word Stress
One of the biggest problems for English learners, Jones says, is learning and remembering the correct word stress. Word stress means saying some syllables in a word louder than other syllables.
Jones notes that word stress mistakes can happen in many ways:
"Sometimes they [students] can add an extra syllable, like instead of saying chocolate, they could say chocolate-uh. Sometimes students cut syllables. So, for example, instead of saying tofu, they might say tof. And sometimes students stress the wrong syllable. So, for example, instead of saying coffee, students might say caffee."
The problem, Jones says, is that English speakers remember words according to the stress pattern. If an English learner uses a different stress pattern, then a native English speaker may have a hard time understanding. This is because the stress pattern that the English learner uses is different from the pattern that the native speaker remembers.
One way English learners can solve this problem, Jones adds, is to learn the correct stress pattern when they first learn a word.
English learners can find many free online dictionaries that give pronunciation guidance. When you search for words, you will see the phonetic spelling next to the main word.
So, if you wanted to learn the word 'telephone', you would go to the dictionary and look at the pronunciation guide that is next to the word.
It looks like this:
telephone /712;t603;l601;716;fo650;n/ noun
The phonetic spelling is listed between the word and the part of speech. The apostrophe (') sign at the front of the phonetic spelling shows that it is the part of the word that should be stressed.
Jones says English learners should pronounce the stressed syllable longer and with higher tone or pitch. This action will make the vowel sounds clearer in the stress syllable.
Using Movements to Improve Your Pronunciation
At this point, movement comes in.
One fun way, Jones says, to make sure that you are pronouncing the stressed syllable clearly, and holding it longer, is by using a rubber band:
"When students are learning new words, they can practice repeating these words and pulling on the rubber band on the stressed syllable. So, for example, a word like "telephone", telephone, the first syllable is the stressed syllable. So as I'm saying telephone, I will pull on the rubber band for 'tel', and then reduce the other syllables of 'ephone' so I'm not saying them as clearly"
Doing this exercise, Jones says, will not only help you remember how the word sounds, but also influence you to practice more.
What can you do?
You should be careful about how you use physical movements when learning a new language. Choosing movements at random will probably not help you!
However, if you use a specific movement, such as pulling a rubber band, for a specific purpose, such as improving your understanding of stressed syllables, you may have success.
Remember: Pulling a rubber band will not give you superhuman memory or enable you to pronounce every word perfectly. However, it can be a useful, fun supplement for language study.
If you want to improve your pronunciation, try Jones' rubber band idea by following these three steps:
- Choose a dictionary that has pronunciation guidance.
- Look up a new word in the dictionary to learn the stress pattern.
- Practice saying the word many times while pulling a rubber band.
Try using movements – such as pulling a rubber band -- in your language studies, and let us know how they work for you!
I'm John Russell.
John Russell wrote this story for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
Teachers may use a game, Guesstures, to simulate for their students how to make gestures associated with English words.
In this video, Dr. Joan Kang Shin shows how to use movement games with very young learners.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCt7bwjQzqo
We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section or on Facebook page.
________________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
pronunciation – n. the way in which a person makes the sound of (a word or letter) with their voice
rubber band – n. a thin, flexible loop that is made of rubber and used to hold things together
repetition – n. the act of saying or doing something again
gestures – n. a movement of your body (especially of your hands and arms) that shows or emphasizes an idea or a feeling
strategy – n. the skill of making or carrying out plans to achieve a goal
stress – n. greater loudness or force given to a syllable of a word in speech or to a beat in music
syllable – n. any one of the parts into which a word is naturally divided when it is pronounced
pattern – n. something that happens in a regular and repeated way
phonetic – adj. representing each speech sound with a single symbol
pitch – n. the highness or lowness of a sound