2004-11-16
This is Bob Doughty with the VOA Special English Health Report.
Heart failure is a disease where the heart cannot pump enough
blood to the body. Fluid collects in the lungs. People who develop
heart failure are generally older. They feel tired and short of
breath. Half the people die within five years.
Heart failure affects an estimated five million Americans. But
African Americans are two and one-half times more likely to develop
it. Now, an experimental treatment appears to increase their chance
of survival.
Heart failure is usually treated with drugs called ACE
inhibitors. But research has suggested that these drugs do not work
as well in blacks as in whites. The difference may be linked to
lower levels of nitric oxide in the blood of African Americans with
heart failure. This chemical in the body helps blood flow.
So a company in Massachusetts, NitroMed, developed a treatment
called BiDil. This combines two existing medicines to increase the
amount of nitric oxide in the blood. Earlier studies failed to prove
its effectiveness. But those studies involved mostly white patients.
Scientists later re-examined the results and saw signs that it did
help black patients.
As a result, NitroMed began a study of more than one thousand
black people. They took traditional drugs for heart failure and
either BiDil or an inactive substance. The study found that the
patients who took BiDil had a forty-three percent better chance of
survival after one year. They also needed fewer hospital visits.
Doctor Anne Taylor, a professor at the University of Minnesota,
reported on the study at a meeting of the American Heart
Association. The findings appeared in The New England Journal of
Medicine.
NitroMed has been preparing to ask for federal approval of its
treatment. Such approval was rejected after the earlier studies.
Some people, though, are uneasy with the idea of what is known as
a "race-based therapy." That is, a drug developed for just one group
with a disease common in the general population. Yet some doctors
think the new pill might help the larger population as well.
The heart association says heart failure can be caused by
disorders present at birth, or by a virus that damages the heart
muscle. But it says the same things linked to heart attacks can also
cause heart failure. These include smoking, being overweight, eating
high-fat foods and not getting exercise.
This VOA Special English Health Report was written by Cynthia
Kirk. This is Bob Doughty.