08 October, 2018
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
Years ago, syphilis was nearly defeated as a public health threat in the United States. American doctors used antibiotic drugs to fight the disease. But now, the infection rate is on the rise. And syphilis is affecting those most at risk -- newborn babies.
The number of babies born infected with syphilis in the U.S. has more than doubled since 2013. This information comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
In a statement released to the press in September 2018, the CDC reported that the number of congenital syphilis cases more than doubled in four years. It is now at a 20-year high. In 2013, there were 362 cases of congenital syphilis. And in 2017, there were 918 cases. That represents an increase of 153 percent.
Syphilis is a Sexually Transmitted Disease, or STD, meaning it is spread mainly through sexual activity. Congenital syphilis is when the disease is passed directly from the mother to the baby.
David Harvey heads the National Coalition of STD Directors. He said that "When a baby gets syphilis, it means the (healthcare) system has failed that mother repeatedly, both before and during her pregnancy."
Harvey added that if STD prevention programs had the support they need, no new mother would ever have to deal with a terrible syphilis diagnosis.
He said, "That we have any cases of syphilis among newborns, let alone an increasing number, is a failure of the health care system."
In an interview with CNN, Harvey said that one of the reasons the U.S. is seeing more congenital syphilis has to do with the opioid problem in America. He said public health experts are aware that women are trading sex for drugs. And that, he adds, "explains some of the infections we are seeing in babies of syphilis."
Gail Bolan is the director of the CDC's Division of STD Prevention. In a 2017 statement, she said, "Every baby born with syphilis represents a tragic systems failure. All it takes is a simple STD test and antibiotic treatment to prevent this enormous heartache and help assure a healthy start for the next generation of Americans."
Last year, the CDC published a fact sheet on the state of STDs in the country. The document noted that in recent years "more than half of state and local STD program budgets have been cut." These cuts have affected the services provided at healthcare centers around the country.
The CDC also noted that the amount of money patients must pay to healthcare providers for STD testing and treatment has increased in recent years.
Doctors can easily treat syphilis with antibiotics. However, when left untreated in the mother, the infection increases the risk of newborn death. The woman could lose the fetus before it is able to survive independently. Children born with syphilis can suffer severe health problems, including deformed bones, blindness or deafness.
About 70 percent of congenital syphilis cases nationwide are in just five states. They are California, Florida, Louisiana, New Mexico and Texas.
Harvey said that the best way to prevent a woman from passing syphilis to her baby is with early testing. He said women should be tested before becoming pregnant, soon after becoming pregnant, and throughout the pregnancy.
Of the babies born with the disease, one third of the mothers had been tested. But the tests were performed too late to prevent the infection of the fetus, or the woman became infected after being tested.
Congenital syphilis is only a part of the growing STD crisis in the United States. The CDC says nearly 2.3 million cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis were identified nationwide in 2017. This is the highest number on record.
In 2016, the World Health Organization estimated that more than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide.
If you are sexually active, the CDC suggests two things to protect yourself from getting syphilis:
- Be in a long-term relationship with a single sexual partner who has been tested for syphilis and is not infected;
- Men should properly use a latex condom every time they have sex.
The CDC also suggests that anyone who has more than one sexual partner get tested for all STDs.
And that's the Health & Lifestyle report. I'm Anna Matteo.
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Words in This Story
diagnosis – n. the art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms
enormous – adj. marked by extraordinarily great size, number, or degree
heartache – n. great sadness or worry
deformed – adj. distorted or unshapely in form
fetus – n. a developing human from usually two months after conception to birth
acquire – v. to get (something)
latex – n. a white fluid produced by certain plants that is used for making rubber; also : a similar material that is used for making various products (such as paint and glue)
condom – n. a thin rubber covering that a man wears on his penis during sex in order to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant or to prevent the spread of diseases