TPO-52
#LECTURE
Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long lifespan have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors.
Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death
One of the popular beliefs is when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water - so-called "elephant graveyards" - to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants.
Representing Objects through Art
Additionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world.
Fear of Mice
Finally, it has long been believed elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, like lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
#LISTENING
read about are on misunderstandings of elephant behavior.
First, we should not assume that old elephants are aware that they will die soon just because they break away from their herds. There is a practical reason why old elephants leave their herds. You see, when elephants get old enough, their teeth become more down and they have difficulty chewing. So elderly elephants wander away from their herds to look for soft vegetation that’s easier to eat. Soft vegetation is usually found near water. That’s why many old elephants graze near water and eventually die there, an area we’ve come to call “elephant graveyards”.
Second, whether elephants have artistic ability. If you want elephants trained to paint, you’ll notice that human trainers stroking the elephants’ ears whenever the elephant moves the paintbrush. Elephant ears are sensitive and touching them in certain ways can be used to train the elephants to do tricks. The trainer teaches the elephant to remember certain patterns of paintbrush strokes and then encourages the elephant to repeat the brushstrokes by touching its ears. So an elephant using a paintbrush is just painting lines it’s been trained to paint. It doesn’t necessarily know that the lines are supposed to represent flowers or animals.
Third, Pliny the Elder and others are misinterpreting the reaction of elephants to mice. Elephants that react fearfully to mice aren’t reacting to the mice themselves but to the fact that mice are unfamiliar to them. Being cautious about unfamiliar animals is a natural instinct. But elephants that live in environments where mice are common, like elephants in zoos don’t react with fear to the mice. Clearly, once elephants become familiar with mice and realize they don’t pose a threat, they don’t mind them.
Humans have been interested in elephants for a long time. The reading section provides three reasons for explaining why humans obsessed with this vast land mammal while the listening part reveals the shortage of them one by one.
The first reason is the awareness of coming near death. However, the professor argued that this was a misunderstanding. Leaving their flocks is not for predicting the death; contrarily, it is for the weakness of their teeth. So the older elephants wander away from their buddies to another place seeking soft plants to feed their stomachs. Moreover, those soft foods always raise near water; thus, most old elephant crowd there, and eventually dies there-it is the reason people call those sites “elephant graveyards.”
Another cause is the representational skills through art. The professor found faults with this advocate and indicated the phenomena that elephants’ drawing skills are the consequence of the practice through humans. Animal trainers stroke the sensitive parts of an elephant like the ear, touching them through particular ways of hinting the drawing direction of elephants. Thus, an elephant no need to know the meaning of the line it drew, only needs repeat cues and actions that its trainers encouraged.
Yet another explanation is the fear of the mice. Nevertheless, the professor disputed this thought is also misunderstanding the reaction of elephants to mice. Elephants are in awe of unfamiliar objects, and it is an instinct for them. When they live in some place where mice are familiar, like zoos, they realize the mice are not a threat; then they don’t care for them anymore.
Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
---|---|---|---|
2020-01-12 | sandeshbhandari2 | 70 | view |
2020-01-12 | sandeshbhandari2 | 70 | view |
2020-01-12 | sandeshbhandari2 | 70 | view |
2019-12-23 | wacklol | 71 | view |
2019-12-23 | wacklol | 78 | view |
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Governments should spend more money in support of the arts than in support of athletics such as state-sponsored Olympic teams. 76
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for governments to spend money to improve Internet access than to improve public transportation. 85
- Almost everyone agrees that we should be training children to recycle waste to save the Earth's natural resources. Some believe that it is parents who should teach their children to recycle waste. Others argue that school is the best place to teach do thi 78
- Some People think that it is necessary to make occupations more open to both genders in modern times. To extent do you agree or disagree? 84
- TPO-43 - Independent Writing Task Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting. The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect In your opinion, which of the following is the best thing to do?-Interrupt and correct the mistake right away-Wa 92
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 529, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e sites 'elephant graveyards.' Another cause is the representational sk...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, moreover, nevertheless, so, then, thus, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1398.0 1373.03311258 102% => OK
No of words: 265.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27547169811 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03470204552 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.92352752201 2.5805825403 113% => OK
Unique words: 164.0 145.348785872 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.618867924528 0.540411800872 115% => OK
syllable_count: 413.1 419.366225166 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 55.1004648301 49.2860985944 112% => OK
Chars per sentence: 99.8571428571 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.9285714286 21.698381199 87% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.78571428571 7.06452816374 68% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.154819842413 0.272083759551 57% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0546985321474 0.0996497079465 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0684262052079 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0875692633579 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0296667384407 0.0443174109184 67% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.34 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.34 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.