Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.
The author argues that Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean. To support his/her claim, the author cites the following evidences: first, archaeologists discovered such Palean basket in Lithos; second, there is a very deep and broad river that can be crossed only by boat; third, no Palean boats have been found. Tough the issue has its merit, due to unpersuasive evidences and unaddressed assumptions, the conclusion is unsubstantiated and flawed.
To begin with, the author unfairly assumes that all the conditions about two villages are unchanged from past to now. That the current Brim River is very deep and broad does not necessarily it was very deep and wide in the ancient. Say, for example, the river used to be very shallow, in which people can easily pass cross, then it is obvious that people are not able to find the boats around. There could be even no river in the ancient at all. The Brim River was built in the recent years. Citizens in these two villages could easily move to another village by walking. In addition, the baskets could be transposed by current people from Palea to Lithos, instead of ancient people. The argument made by the author is questionable when there was dramatic change happening from past to present, especially the condition about the Brim River.
Moreover, lacking of evidence of boot does not mean there is no evidence about boat. Archaeologists today may be obtained with sophisticated tools or ways to detect the boat underground. It is promising, nonetheless, to gather more hints and evidences about the Palean boats as the result of technology advancement. The Palean boats might be made of disposable materials like wood in the ancient. They disposed through a series of processes with the assistance of rain, wind, and bacteria activities. The boats, in this case, are not likely to be found today even if there was a bridge in the past.
Last but not least, the author assumes that boat is the only method to cross the river. In other words, he/she fails to consider many other approaches to cross the river. If ancient people living around the river were all good at swimming, then Woven basket can be transported by people who swam. Another possibility is that there was a bridge on the river, but as time passes, the bridge was broken and then no longer exists today. Palean baskets, therefore, can be readily transported to Lithos from Palea in the ancient. Without the detailed information about ancient Palea and Lithos, we are not equipped with the ability to draw any conclusion about the origin of Woven basket.
To sum up, as it stands, the author makes conclusion based on several questionable assumptions which undermines its validity. To further strengthen his argument, the author has to provide evidences as follows: first, there was also a deep and wide river across two villages; second, no boats could be found after excluding all other possibilities by precise investigation; third, the only way to approach Litho from Palea is by boating.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 25 15
No. of Words: 512 350
No. of Characters: 2443 1500
No. of Different Words: 235 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.757 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.771 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.538 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 159 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 105 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 69 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 47 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 20.48 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.347 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.6 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.285 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.478 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.086 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 456, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ion is unsubstantiated and flawed. To begin with, the author unfairly ...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 14, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: ,  
...ted and flawed. To begin with, the author unfairly assumes that all th...
^^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... the condition about the Brim River. Moreover, lacking of evidence of boot do...
^^
Line 5, column 193, Rule ID: PROGRESSIVE_VERBS[1]
Message: This verb is normally not used in the progressive form. Try a simple form instead.
...ways to detect the boat underground. It is promising, nonetheless, to gather more hints and ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 601, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... even if there was a bridge in the past. Last but not least, the author assumes t...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 683, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...lusion about the origin of Woven basket. To sum up, as it stands, the author make...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, if, may, moreover, nonetheless, second, so, then, therefore, third, as to, for example, in addition, in other words, to begin with, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 34.0 19.6327345309 173% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 12.9520958084 77% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 11.1786427146 116% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 13.6137724551 81% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 28.8173652695 76% => OK
Preposition: 78.0 55.5748502994 140% => OK
Nominalization: 10.0 16.3942115768 61% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2559.0 2260.96107784 113% => OK
No of words: 507.0 441.139720559 115% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04733727811 5.12650576532 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.74517233601 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.80390276114 2.78398813304 101% => OK
Unique words: 246.0 204.123752495 121% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.485207100592 0.468620217663 104% => OK
syllable_count: 775.8 705.55239521 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 4.96107784431 101% => OK
Article: 15.0 8.76447105788 171% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 2.70958083832 74% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.67365269461 119% => OK
Preposition: 11.0 4.22255489022 261% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 19.7664670659 111% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 76.5264633103 57.8364921388 132% => OK
Chars per sentence: 116.318181818 119.503703932 97% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.0454545455 23.324526521 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.22727272727 5.70786347227 127% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 5.25449101796 114% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.122915294978 0.218282227539 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0390141138517 0.0743258471296 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0468208779103 0.0701772020484 67% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0799049265365 0.128457276422 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.054030420046 0.0628817314937 86% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 14.3799401198 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 48.3550499002 117% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.31 12.5979740519 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.39 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 116.0 98.500998004 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 15.0 12.3882235529 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.