Hospital statistics regarding people who go to the emergency room after roller-skating accidents indicate the need for more protective equipment. Within that group of people, 75 percent of those who had accidents in streets or parking lots had not been wearing any protective clothing (helmets, knee pads, etc.) or any light-reflecting material (clip-on lights, glow-in-the-dark wrist pads, etc.). Clearly, the statistics indicate that by investing in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment, roller skaters will greatly reduce their risk of being severely injured in an accident.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The argument above is well-presented and appears to be relatively sound at first glance: because of the hospital statistics regarding people who go to the emergency room after roller-skating accidents, the roller skaters should investing in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment in order to reduce their risk of being severely injured in an accident. However, as more light is shed on the issue and more detailed facts are concerned, it is easy to see that the argument suffers from several grave fallacies in its assumptions as well as commits a false analogy.
To begin with, as mentioned in the argument, there are two distinct kinds of gear—preventative gear, such as light reflecting material, and protective gear, such as helmets. preventative gear is intended to warn others, presumably for the most part motorists, of the presence of the roller skater. it works only if the “other” is a responsible and caring individual who will afford the skater the necessary space and attention. protective gear is intended to reduce the effect of any accident, whether it is caused by another, the skater or some force of nature. protective gear does little, if anything, to prevent accidents but is presumed to reduce the injuries that occur in an accident. The statistics on injuries suffered by skaters would be more interesting if the skaters were grouped into those wearing no gear at all, those wearing protective gear only, those wearing preventative gear only and those wearing both. These statistics could provide skaters with a clearer understanding of which kinds of gear are more beneficial.
In addition, the argument is much weakened by the fact that it does not take into account the inherent differences between skaters who wear gear and those who do not. it is at least likely that those who wear gear may be generally more responsible and/or safety conscious individuals. The skaters who wear gear may be less likely to cause accidents through careless or dangerous behavior. it may, in fact, be their natural caution and responsibility that keeps them out of the emergency room rather than the gear itself. also, the statistic above is based entirely on those who are skating in streets and parking lots which are relatively dangerous places to skate in the first place. people who are generally more safety conscious may choose to skate in safer areas such as parks or back yards.
Moreover, the statistic also can not make sense when come to the conclusion that safety gear prevents severe injuries. The conclusion suggests that it is presumed that people come to the emergency room only with severe injuries. This is certainly not the case. also, given that skating is a recreational activity that may be primarily engaged in during evenings and weekends when doctors' offices are closed, skater with less severe injuries may be especially likely to come to the emergency room for treatment.
Last but not least, there is absolutely no evidence provided that high quality gear is any more beneficial than other kinds of gear. For example, a simple white t-shirt may be easily catched by others' sight that provide the same or even more preventative benefit as a higher quality, more expensive, shirt designed only for skating. before skaters are encouraged to invest heavily in gear, a more complete understanding of the benefit provided by individual pieces of gear would be helpful.
Overall, the argument is far from forceful enough to persuade the roller skaters should invest in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment in order to reduce their risk. before any final decisions are made about whether the roller skaters should invest in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment, much work is left for the arguer to do to make his/her argument more logical and cogent.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 5.0 out of 6
Category: Very Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 15 15
No. of Words: 630 350
No. of Characters: 3139 1500
No. of Different Words: 267 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 5.01 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.983 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.67 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 229 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 175 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 121 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 76 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 42 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 23.707 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.733 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.376 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.664 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.154 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 6 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 175, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Preventative
..., and protective gear, such as helmets. preventative gear is intended to warn others, presum...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 299, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
..., of the presence of the roller skater. it works only if the 'other' is ...
^^
Line 3, column 439, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Protective
...ater the necessary space and attention. protective gear is intended to reduce the effect o...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 574, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Protective
...er, the skater or some force of nature. protective gear does little, if anything, to preve...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 168, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ers who wear gear and those who do not. it is at least likely that those who wear ...
^^
Line 5, column 390, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...through careless or dangerous behavior. it may, in fact, be their natural caution ...
^^
Line 5, column 522, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Also
...gency room rather than the gear itself. also, the statistic above is based entirely ...
^^^^
Line 5, column 686, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: People
...ous places to skate in the first place. people who are generally more safety conscious...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 262, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Also
...juries. This is certainly not the case. also, given that skating is a recreational a...
^^^^
Line 9, column 334, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Before
...nsive, shirt designed only for skating. before skaters are encouraged to invest heavil...
^^^^^^
Line 11, column 184, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Before
...quipment in order to reduce their risk. before any final decisions are made about whet...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, may, moreover, regarding, so, well, at least, for example, in addition, in fact, such as, as well as, to begin with, in the first place
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 38.0 19.6327345309 194% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 22.0 11.1786427146 197% => OK
Relative clauses : 24.0 13.6137724551 176% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 28.8173652695 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 79.0 55.5748502994 142% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 16.3942115768 91% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3231.0 2260.96107784 143% => OK
No of words: 627.0 441.139720559 142% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.15311004785 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 5.00399520894 4.56307096286 110% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.81565114205 2.78398813304 101% => OK
Unique words: 285.0 204.123752495 140% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.454545454545 0.468620217663 97% => OK
syllable_count: 1036.8 705.55239521 147% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 4.96107784431 161% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.76447105788 137% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 2.70958083832 185% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.67365269461 60% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 4.22255489022 166% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 24.0 19.7664670659 121% => OK
Sentence length: 26.0 22.8473053892 114% => OK
Sentence length SD: 64.9351706619 57.8364921388 112% => OK
Chars per sentence: 134.625 119.503703932 113% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.125 23.324526521 112% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.91666666667 5.70786347227 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 11.0 5.25449101796 209% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.20758483034 110% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 15.0 6.88822355289 218% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.67664670659 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.206140827324 0.218282227539 94% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0670376101099 0.0743258471296 90% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0507054142783 0.0701772020484 72% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.115268441794 0.128457276422 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0598210971368 0.0628817314937 95% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.9 14.3799401198 111% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 36.63 48.3550499002 76% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.6 12.197005988 120% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.89 12.5979740519 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.43 8.32208582834 101% => OK
difficult_words: 139.0 98.500998004 141% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 19.0 12.3882235529 153% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 11.1389221557 111% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 30 minutes.
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.