Bishal Gaire
TPO 43 Writing Report
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Integrated Writing
Agnostids were a group of marine animals that became extinct about 450 million years ago. Agnostid fossils can be found in rocks in many areas around the world. From the fossil remains, we know that agnostids were primitive arthropods-relatives of modern-day insects. However, the fossil information does not allow paleontologists to determine with certainty what agnostids ate or how they behaved. There are several different theories about how agnostids may have lived.
Free-Swimming Predators
First, the agnostids may have been free-swimming predators that hunted smaller animals. It is known that other types of primitive arthropods were strong swimmers and active predators, so it is reasonable that the agnostids may have lived that way as well And while the agnostids were small, sometimes just six millimeters long, there were plenty of smaller organisms in the ancient ocean for them to prey on.
Seafloor Dwellers
Second, they may have dwelled on the seafloor. Again, there are examples of other types of primitive arthropods living this way, so it is possible that agnostids did too. On the seafloor they would have survived by scavenging dead organisms or by grazing on bacteria.
Parasites
Third, there is the possibility that the agnostids were parasites, living on and feeding off larger organisms. One reason that this seems possible is that there are many species of modern-day arthropods that exist as parasites, such as fleas, ticks, and mites. The agnostids might have lived on primitive fish or even on other, larger arthropods.
The reading suggested the three theories in which the behavior of agnostids could be possibly relied upon. The lecture in turn criticizes the theories by pointing out the critical flaws in them and ruling out the possibility of each one. Fossils incomplete information and the various life habits of agnostids are used as the reason for the refutal of the theories.
Firstly, in regards to the free swimming predators theory which suggested they hunted smaller animals and lived as that of
primitive athropods. The charactersitc features of predators are the well developed eyes. It facilitated the predators in seeing its prey quickly and feeding upon them. But, the agnostids had poorly developed eyes and some of them were even blind. It completely negated this theory. Furthermore, the fossil information also does not suggest any other special features which played the rolee of eye in primitive agnostids.
Secondly, the seafloor dwellwes theory is negated by the simple fact about sea dwellers. They have a limited movement and
particular geographical location. Conversely, the agnostids move very fast and were found in eclectic geographical
surroundings. This reason is the critcial limitation of the sea dwellwe theory.
To continue, the third theory of the agnostids being parasites is refuted by the number of agnostids that thrived. If the number of parasites are more than the certain limit, they tend to kill the host. So, the tremendous amount of individuals present will limit the chances of them leading a behavior of parasites.
In conclusion, the theories the reading suggested were refuted by pointing out the limitations of them in the lecture. It
encourages in depth study of the agnostids. The certainty of the behavior of agnostids and their eating habit is not properly found and it still has some way to go.
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| 2023-09-05 | YasamanEsml | 86 | view |
| 2023-06-19 | Vivian Chang | 76 | view |
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| 2023-01-30 | reza_fattahi | 75 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 10, Rule ID: IN_REGARD_TO[1]
Message: Use simply 'regarding' or 'with regard to'.
Suggestion: regarding; with regard to
... refutal of the theories. Firstly, in regards to the free swimming predators theory whic...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Primitive
... smaller animals and lived as that of primitive athropods. The charactersitc features o...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 11, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Particular
...ers. They have a limited movement and particular geographical location. Conversely, the ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Surroundings
...d were found in eclectic geographical surroundings. This reason is the critcial limitation...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 23, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Encourages
...imitations of them in the lecture. It encourages in depth study of the agnostids. The ce...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, conversely, first, firstly, furthermore, if, second, secondly, so, still, third, well, in conclusion
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 43.0 30.3222958057 142% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1567.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 297.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.27609427609 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.15134772569 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.79785621691 2.5805825403 108% => OK
Unique words: 162.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.545454545455 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 476.1 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 30.341180887 49.2860985944 62% => OK
Chars per sentence: 82.4736842105 110.228320801 75% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.6315789474 21.698381199 72% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.84210526316 7.06452816374 83% => OK
Paragraphs: 9.0 4.09492273731 220% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.32803161933 0.272083759551 121% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0865380451484 0.0996497079465 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0626452045198 0.0662205650399 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.120286726856 0.162205337803 74% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0447747980124 0.0443174109184 101% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.3 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.25 53.8541721854 104% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.05 12.2367328918 107% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.42 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 76.0 63.6247240618 119% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.