Last October the city of Belleville installed high-intensity lighting in its central business district, and vandalism there declined within a month. The city of Amburg has recently begun police patrols on bicycles in its business district, but the rate of vandalism there remains constant. We should install high-intensity lighting throughout Amburg, then, because doing so is a more effective way to combat crime. By reducing crime in this way, we can revitalize the declining neighborhoods in our city.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
While it may be true that by installing high intensity lighting in city of amburg, crime will get reduced. this argument doesnot make a cogent case for installing high intensity lighting throughout the city of amburg. but is easy to understand that by installing high intensity lighting, crime will get reduced. but, this argument is rife with holes, and thus, not strong enough support the author's assumption that by installing high intensity lighting vanadalism activity will get reduced. I think that there may be some hidden factors that may claim author's assumption invalid. hence the author's argument is not reliable.
First of all, the argument here readily assume that as city of belleville installed high intensity lighting in its central business district, and vandalism there declined within a month. The city of amburg should install high intensity lighting throughout amburg and as a result crime will get reduced. this is merely an assumption made without much solid ground. For eg, it may be possible that installing high intensity lighting is only one of the factors and there may be some other factors including high intensity lighting such as recently city of belleville has passed new law that states, if any one found guilty of vandalism, he/she will get harsh punishments or may be life in prison. As a result people are more aware and avoid involving in such activities. it may equally possible that belleville city is already a crime free city` and there may be some other purpose for installing high intensity lighting. However author did not provide more information on from how much percent crime or vandalism activities get reduced. it may be possible that it is only of negligible percent which is actually meaningless. hence the argument would have been more convincing if it explicitely states that whether installing high intensity lighting in only a factor that leads to reduced crime.
Second, the argument here states that by installing high intensity lighting throughout amburg, it will be more effective way to combat crime. this again is a weak and unsupported claim as it doesnot demonstate any clear correlation between high intensity lighting and reduce in vandalism activities. it may be possible that what works for belleville city may not work for amburg city or it may eqaully possible that even by installing high intensity lighting crime is not declining. if the had provided evidence or more information that how high intensity lighting will lead to reduce vandalism activities. Then it would have been a lot more convincing to the reader.
However, careful scrutiny of the evidence reveals that if it provide little credible support for the author's conclusion in several critical respects and raises several skeptical questions. For eg, what is a correlation between high intensity lighting and reduced in crime? what work for city belleville will also definately work for city amburg? what is actual percent decrease in vandalism activities in belleville city? without convincing answers to this question the reader is left with the impression that the claim made by the author are more of a wishful thinking rather than substantive evidence.
In conclusion, the author's argument is unpervasive as it stands. To bolster it further, the author must provide more concrete evidence, perhaps by the detailed analysis of whether by installing high intensity lighting, crime will get reduced it would be necessary to know more infomation about how by installing high intensity lighting, crime will get reduced. hence, the conclusion drawn in the argument cannot regarded as fact until the stated assumption and questions are addressed.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 14 15
No. of Words: 593 350
No. of Characters: 3038 1500
No. of Different Words: 214 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.935 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.123 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.671 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 232 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 190 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 143 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 85 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 42.357 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 24.144 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.929 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.446 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.633 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.162 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 108, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...city of amburg, crime will get reduced. this argument doesnot make a cogent case for...
^^^^
Line 3, column 219, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...lighting throughout the city of amburg. but is easy to understand that by installin...
^^^
Line 3, column 313, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...nsity lighting, crime will get reduced. but, this argument is rife with holes, and ...
^^^
Line 3, column 392, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...and thus, not strong enough support the authors assumption that by installing high inte...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 552, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ay be some hidden factors that may claim authors assumption invalid. hence the au...
^^
Line 3, column 582, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Hence
... may claim authors assumption invalid. hence the authors argument is not reliable. ...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 582, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: hence,
... may claim authors assumption invalid. hence the authors argument is not reliable. ...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 592, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
... authors assumption invalid. hence the authors argument is not reliable. First...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 304, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...and as a result crime will get reduced. this is merely an assumption made without mu...
^^^^
Line 9, column 600, Rule ID: ANY_BODY[1]
Message: Did you mean 'anyone'?
Suggestion: anyone
...ille has passed new law that states, if any one found guilty of vandalism, he/she will ...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 756, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e more aware and avoid involving in such activities. it may equally possible that...
^^
Line 9, column 770, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...nd avoid involving in such activities. it may equally possible that belleville ci...
^^
Line 9, column 926, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...for installing high intensity lighting. However author did not provide more information...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 1042, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...me or vandalism activities get reduced. it may be possible that it is only of negl...
^^
Line 9, column 1130, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Hence
... percent which is actually meaningless. hence the argument would have been more convi...
^^^^^
Line 9, column 1130, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: hence,
... percent which is actually meaningless. hence the argument would have been more convi...
^^^^^
Line 15, column 143, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
... be more effective way to combat crime. this again is a weak and unsupported claim a...
^^^^
Line 15, column 301, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...ing and reduce in vandalism activities. it may be possible that what works for bel...
^^
Line 15, column 484, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...ensity lighting crime is not declining. if the had provided evidence or more infor...
^^
Line 17, column 62, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'provides'?
Suggestion: provides
...tiny of the evidence reveals that if it provide little credible support for the authors...
^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 102, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...provide little credible support for the authors conclusion in several critical respects...
^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 274, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: What
...ntensity lighting and reduced in crime? what work for city belleville will also defi...
^^^^
Line 17, column 347, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: What
...l also definately work for city amburg? what is actual percent decrease in vandalism...
^^^^
Line 17, column 423, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Without
...andalism activities in belleville city? without convincing answers to this question the...
^^^^^^^
Line 23, column 20, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...ve evidence. In conclusion, the authors argument is unpervasive as it stands. ...
^^^^^^^
Line 23, column 39, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... In conclusion, the authors argument is unpervasive as it stands. To bolster it ...
^^
Line 23, column 363, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Hence
...nsity lighting, crime will get reduced. hence, the conclusion drawn in the argument c...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, first, hence, however, if, may, second, so, then, thus, while, i think, in conclusion, such as, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 29.0 19.6327345309 148% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 28.0 12.9520958084 216% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 16.0 11.1786427146 143% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 13.6137724551 140% => OK
Pronoun: 42.0 28.8173652695 146% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 55.0 55.5748502994 99% => OK
Nominalization: 22.0 16.3942115768 134% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 3133.0 2260.96107784 139% => OK
No of words: 592.0 441.139720559 134% => OK
Chars per words: 5.29222972973 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.93265142912 4.56307096286 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.72944539595 2.78398813304 98% => OK
Unique words: 229.0 204.123752495 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.386824324324 0.468620217663 83% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 980.1 705.55239521 139% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.59920159681 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 4.96107784431 222% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.67365269461 239% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 28.0 19.7664670659 142% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 22.8473053892 92% => OK
Sentence length SD: 66.4564745544 57.8364921388 115% => OK
Chars per sentence: 111.892857143 119.503703932 94% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.1428571429 23.324526521 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.07142857143 5.70786347227 89% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 27.0 5.25449101796 514% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 8.20758483034 24% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 22.0 6.88822355289 319% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.67664670659 86% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.281495496075 0.218282227539 129% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0938726818233 0.0743258471296 126% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.109958340609 0.0701772020484 157% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.172509261553 0.128457276422 134% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0814238661198 0.0628817314937 129% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.1 14.3799401198 98% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.7 48.3550499002 86% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 12.197005988 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.4 12.5979740519 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.67 8.32208582834 92% => OK
difficult_words: 112.0 98.500998004 114% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 12.3882235529 69% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.1389221557 93% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.