In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jar contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that vessels were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times.
First of all, if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have been attached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. But there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. All that has been excavated are the vessels themselves.
Second, the copper cylinders inside the jars look exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the ruins of Seleucia, an ancient city located nearby. We know that the copper cylinders from Seleucia were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not for generating electricity. Since the cylinders found with the jars have the same shape, it is very likely they were used for holding scrolls as well. That no scrolls were found inside the jars can be explained by the fact that the scrolls simply disintegrated over the centuries.
Finally, what could ancient people have done with the electricity that the vessels were supposed to have generated? They had no devices that relied on electricity. As batteries, the vessels would have been completely useless to them.
Both the lecture and the passage talks about the possibilty that the vessel found in iraq is the first source of electricity. The readig disapproves its authencity not be source of electricity, but while the lectue butress the point by deducing the logical explanation.
first, the lecture says that the intrument found by the naive people of the village not the archeologist. she opens a door of chance that it was battery by saying that people got this may overlooked the other details which were associated with it; they might throw the wire and other stuff in the process. giving this explanation, she clearly resurgent the idea that the vessel is first made battery.
Second, although she concedes that it is similar to the copper cylinder of the Seleucia which was used to carry the scroll, but argues its possibilty of being battery. she hypothesizes that ancient people of iraq might realize that it could be used as battery if it was connected with copper or iron wire. this explanation brings the vessel possibility as a battery.
Lastly, the speaker refuses the view of no use of battery at that time. she mentions that people might use it to make beileve other people in magic. On the other hand, she addes that it may be used as a medical procedure to give mild tingling sensation to the people. The electic function to serve as means of curing pain and ache may be strong enough to support the claim thye vessel as the battery.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-26 | supergirl20 | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-26 | supergirl20 | 3 | view |
| 2020-01-01 | zztop | 80 | view |
| 2019-12-27 | joyce05 | 3 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 49, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... lecture and the passage talks about the possibilty that the vessel found in iraq...
^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: First
...ducing the logical explanation. first, the lecture says that the intrument fo...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 107, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...le of the village not the archeologist. she opens a door of chance that it was batt...
^^^
Line 7, column 307, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Giving
...he wire and other stuff in the process. giving this explanation, she clearly resurgent...
^^^^^^
Line 13, column 169, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...argues its possibilty of being battery. she hypothesizes that ancient people of ira...
^^^
Line 13, column 307, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: This
...was connected with copper or iron wire. this explanation brings the vessel possibili...
^^^^
Line 19, column 73, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...view of no use of battery at that time. she mentions that people might use it to ma...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, if, lastly, look, may, second, so, then, while, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1213.0 1373.03311258 88% => OK
No of words: 253.0 270.72406181 93% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.79446640316 5.08290768461 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.98822939669 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.47862962251 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.529644268775 0.540411800872 98% => OK
syllable_count: 375.3 419.366225166 89% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.0277678924 49.2860985944 79% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.083333333 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0833333333 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.41666666667 7.06452816374 91% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0669867005269 0.272083759551 25% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0278710653229 0.0996497079465 28% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0280068613446 0.0662205650399 42% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0451679673776 0.162205337803 28% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0310798275184 0.0443174109184 70% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.7 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.5 12.2367328918 86% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.99 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 15.0 10.7273730684 140% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.