Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The reading passage and the lecture offer opposing views regarding the human presence on Venus. While the author of the passage presents three evidences to demonstrate that it is impossible for human to survive there, the professor in the lecture thinks that human survival on Venus is challenging but possible enough.
To begin with, the author of the article argues that overwhelming atmospheric pressure at Venus' surface hinders any presence on its surface. It is stated in the reading that space crafts, which have landed on Venus, have failed to sustain more than an hour there because of the extreme atmospheric pressure exerted on them. However, the professor in the lecture says that spacecraft do not have to land on the surface. Instead they can float in the atmosphere, which will mean they have to deal with an atmospheric pressure that is equivalent to the pressure at the surface of the earth.
Secondly, the writer of the article suggests that lack of required oxygen and water is preventing human to stay on the surface of the Venus for long time. But the professor explains that scientists can easily produce required oxygen and water by chemically produce them in the lab installed there by making use of the carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid, which are prevalent in the atmosphere of the Venus.
Finally, the professor argues against the idea of the passage that human presence at Venus' surface is not possible as there is a scarcity of sunlight there. Although it is stated in the passage that the thick layer of clouds block the sunlight needed for the survival of human on the surface of Venus, the lecture claims that the author of the reading has overstated about the thickness of the cloud layer in the atmosphere of the Venus. The professor claims that space crafts, which will be installed in the atmosphere, will be able to make use of the sunlight coming directly from the sun and the sunlight reflected by the carbon dioxide layer. So there will be enough sunlight which will make it possible for them to survive there.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-07-14 | Zmx_6 | 80 | view |
| 2023-07-14 | Zmx_6 | 80 | view |
| 2023-06-25 | YasamanEsml | 65 | view |
| 2023-02-11 | reza_fattahi | 83 | view |
| 2023-02-11 | reza_fattahi | 76 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 420, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Instead,
...aft do not have to land on the surface. Instead they can float in the atmosphere, which...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, regarding, second, secondly, so, while, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 57.0 30.3222958057 188% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1703.0 1373.03311258 124% => OK
No of words: 351.0 270.72406181 130% => OK
Chars per words: 4.85185185185 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.32839392791 4.04702891845 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4759490337 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.413105413105 0.540411800872 76% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 539.1 419.366225166 129% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 29.0 21.2450331126 137% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 59.244549679 49.2860985944 120% => OK
Chars per sentence: 141.916666667 110.228320801 129% => OK
Words per sentence: 29.25 21.698381199 135% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.33333333333 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.184872533827 0.272083759551 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0781919703472 0.0996497079465 78% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0450350607899 0.0662205650399 68% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.116533669035 0.162205337803 72% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0463119511971 0.0443174109184 105% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.0 13.3589403974 120% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 50.5 53.8541721854 94% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.44 12.2367328918 93% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.86 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.6 10.498013245 130% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.