The following is a letter to the editor of the Waymarsh Times.
"Traffic here in Waymarsh is becoming a problem. Although just three years ago a state traffic survey showed that the typical driving commuter took 20 minutes to get to work, the commute now takes closer to 40 minutes, according to the survey just completed. Members of the town council already have suggested more road building to address the problem, but as well as being expensive, the new construction will surely disrupt some of our residential neighborhoods. It would be better to follow the example of the nearby city of Garville. Last year Garville implemented a policy that rewards people who share rides to work, giving them coupons for free gas. Pollution levels in Garville have dropped since the policy was implemented, and people from Garville tell me that commuting times have fallen considerably. There is no reason why a policy like Garville's shouldn't work equally well in Waymarsh."
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
The author claims that the commute time in Waymarsh has increased and the plan to build more roads is quite expensive and would disrupt the residential neighborhoods. Moreover, the author suggests that pool rides that were able to mitigate the problem of congestion in Garvelli would be a better alternative for Waymarsh. To evaluate the effectiveness of the recommendation by the author, we would require further evicence which will be discussed in the following paragraphs.
First, the author claims that the commute time to work has increased to 40 mins as opposed to 20 mins ealier based on a survey. The claim, however, stands unsubstantiated as the author does not give any specific details of the survey. Is the sample choosen for the survey a representative sample of the population? Was the survey conducted in the same manner as it was conducted three years ago? The answers to these questions would help us verify if the claim made by the author is actually true. One would also need information about the size of the sample choosen for the survey to validate the findings from the survey. Without the knowledge of the procedure used in the survey, we cannot ascertain the findings of the survey.
Second, the author arugues that the construction of new roads would disturb the sembalance of the residential neighborhoods. The author fallaciously assumes that the construction inherently involves large machinery, huge man power, air and noise pollution. It could very well be the case that advanced construction methods like precast construction and use of modern machinery that precludes large man power could be used to make construction less expensive and less disruptive. The evidence regarding the methods of construction would be pivotal in discriminating if the author's argument stands valid.
Finally, the author assumes that what worked in Garvelli would also work in Waymarsh. However, this assumption is not corraborated with any evidence of similarity in socio-economic characteristics of Waymarsh and Garvelli. If there is difference in the socio-economic of status of the both the places, then the author's recommendaton would prove to be futile.
As we can see, the author's argument, as it stands, seems to be a facial for the reasons like - details of the survey are not mentioned, no information about the methods construction are pur forth and similarites in the socio-economic traits of the both places are not discussed.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.5 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 18 15
No. of Words: 396 350
No. of Characters: 2019 1500
No. of Different Words: 188 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.461 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.098 4.6
Word Length SD: 3.021 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 147 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 107 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 81 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 55 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 22 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 8.158 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.611 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.371 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.595 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.183 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 24, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
The author claims that the commute time in Waymarsh has increased and the ...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 31, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...raphs. First, the author claims that the commute time to work has increased to 40 mins a...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 573, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...uld be pivotal in discriminating if the authors argument stands valid. Finally, the ...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 20, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...ove to be futile. As we can see, the authors argument, as it stands, seems to be a f...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 162, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'methods'' or 'method's'?
Suggestion: methods'; method's
...not mentioned, no information about the methods construction are pur forth and similari...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, finally, first, however, if, moreover, regarding, second, so, then, well
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 19.6327345309 92% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 15.0 12.9520958084 116% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 11.1786427146 63% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 13.6137724551 73% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 28.8173652695 62% => OK
Preposition: 50.0 55.5748502994 90% => OK
Nominalization: 21.0 16.3942115768 128% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2067.0 2260.96107784 91% => OK
No of words: 396.0 441.139720559 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.2196969697 5.12650576532 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.46091344257 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.08936083964 2.78398813304 111% => OK
Unique words: 193.0 204.123752495 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.487373737374 0.468620217663 104% => OK
syllable_count: 638.1 705.55239521 90% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 4.96107784431 81% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.76447105788 114% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 4.22255489022 47% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 19.7664670659 91% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 22.8473053892 96% => OK
Sentence length SD: 47.9791621436 57.8364921388 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.833333333 119.503703932 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.0 23.324526521 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.88888888889 5.70786347227 86% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 5.25449101796 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 6.88822355289 44% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.67664670659 150% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.116390076306 0.218282227539 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0432263481222 0.0743258471296 58% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0452198416136 0.0701772020484 64% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0653227232859 0.128457276422 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0496909666444 0.0628817314937 79% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.2 14.3799401198 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 48.3550499002 102% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 12.197005988 98% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.0 12.5979740519 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.6 8.32208582834 103% => OK
difficult_words: 97.0 98.500998004 98% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 12.3882235529 109% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 11.1389221557 97% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 58.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.5 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.