The Little Ice Age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900C.E.. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientists have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruption that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reason(disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees absorbing carbon dioxide, earth became cooler.
The reading is about the reasons for Little Ice Age. It provides three supporting ideas in order to strengthen its position. However, the narrator says, these ideas were outdated to consider. He refutes each of the passage claim by giving convincing explanations.
First, the passage states that the disruption of ocean currents cause the cooling and contributes Little Ice Age. But, the speaker denies this claim and he delineates, the cooling were happened only in Europe, North America and if it was happened then it would also have been affected the southern hemisphere such as New Zeland. So, such things were not happened everywhere.
Second, the article asserts that volcanic eruption were responsible for the Little Ice Age. However, the lecturer refutes this idea. He explains, there was no strong volcanic activity. If it was actually occurred then the large dust, colorful sunset, and snow became brown in color were found on that time.
Third, the reading claims that the Little Ice Age was occurred due to the reduction of population and that reduction were affected the climate. The point is quite unconvincing with the professor position. He describes, on that time earth was experienced global warming rather than cooling because in order to meet the population demand forest were cut down to produce more crops. Although, the lowered population were happened only for short term but they were not strong enough to cause the Little Ice Age events.
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| 2023-07-03 | theprasad | 70 | view |
| 2020-12-06 | supergirl20 | 66 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 268, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: brown
... dust, colorful sunset, and snow became brown in color were found on that time. Third, the ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, first, however, if, second, so, then, third, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 17.0 10.4613686534 163% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 19.0 30.3222958057 63% => OK
Nominalization: 9.0 5.01324503311 180% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1236.0 1373.03311258 90% => OK
No of words: 239.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17154811715 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.93187294222 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49178549249 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.577405857741 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 387.0 419.366225166 92% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 50.1608080743 49.2860985944 102% => OK
Chars per sentence: 82.4 110.228320801 75% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.9333333333 21.698381199 73% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.86666666667 7.06452816374 69% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.161027887851 0.272083759551 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0561640507996 0.0996497079465 56% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0508387356587 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.100235569402 0.162205337803 62% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0194233747044 0.0443174109184 44% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.9 13.3589403974 82% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.25 53.8541721854 104% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.41 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.08 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.