The reading and the lecture are both about old fossil structures discovered similar to bee nests. While the author of the reading argues that these structures could not have been made by bees, the professor disputes this claim. She states that it is possible that ancient bees made these structures, and non of the reasons proposed in the passage seems convincing. The lecturer casts doubt on the points made in the reading by providing three controversial reasons.
In the passage, the writer begins by saying that no fossil remnants of bees have ever been found that date to 200 million years ago. In fact, evidence shows that there were no bees at that time. However, the professor disagrees with this idea. She asserts that bees' fossils usually are found in the resin of trees. At that time, trees that produced resin were not common, so bees may have existed, but there was no resin to preserve their body in order to fossilize them.
Furthermore, according to the text, no flowering plants existed 200 million years ago. Bees need to feed on flowering plants, so the absence of flowering plants results in the lack of bees since they do not have any source of food. On the other hand, the professor points out that it is possible that bees existed before flowering plants, and they may have fed on non-flowering plants. After the appearance of flowering plants, the bees changed their eating habits and started feeding on them.
Finally, the writer believes that some details of the discovered structures differ from the modern bees' nests. For instance, those structures lack the caps that today's bees' nests have. Not surprisingly, the professor refutes this assertion by contending that modern bees produce a waterproof substance to create their nests, and those structures contain some waterproofing substance resembling those found in modern bees' nests.
To sum up, both the author and the lecturer hold conflicting views on whether discovered structures belong to ancient bees or not.
- Agnostids were a group of marine animals that became extinct about 450 million years ago Agnostid fossils can be found in rocks in many areas around the world From the fossil remains we know that agnostids were primitive arthropods relatives of modern 65
- Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of so 80
- The Salton Sea in California is actually a salty inland lake The level of salt in the lake s water what scientists call its salinity has been increasing steadily for years because the lake s water is evaporating faster than it is being replaced by rainfal 90
- The following appeared in a memo to the board of directors of Bargain Brand Cereals One year ago we introduced our first product Bargain Brand breakfast cereal Our very low prices quickly drew many customers away from the top selling cereal companies 58
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 76
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, furthermore, however, if, may, so, while, for instance, in fact, to sum up, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 34.0 22.412803532 152% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 46.0 30.3222958057 152% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1673.0 1373.03311258 122% => OK
No of words: 332.0 270.72406181 123% => OK
Chars per words: 5.03915662651 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.2685907696 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49517425083 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.506024096386 0.540411800872 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 489.6 419.366225166 117% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.6540721454 49.2860985944 91% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.4117647059 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.5294117647 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.29411764706 7.06452816374 89% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 4.45695364238 224% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.330389815888 0.272083759551 121% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.108692800942 0.0996497079465 109% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0840667864562 0.0662205650399 127% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.159420795289 0.162205337803 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0567322870862 0.0443174109184 128% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.95 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.91 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.