When an earthquake occurs, countless loss of lives and severe damages follow suit. Since it is beyond human power to prevent earthquakes, many different methods to predict earthquakes have been suggested.
One way of predicting earthquakes is through observing animal behavior. It is well-known that animals are far more intuitive than human beings, which is why an unusual change in animal behavior can be an indication of an earthquake. In fact, there are some historical records that prove this is the case. There is a record from 373 B.C., in Greece, which states that various animals such as rats, snakes, and weasels left their dwellings several days before an earthquake. Their sensory abilities may have reacted to the subtle changes in the environment before an earthquake.
Another way of predicting earthquakes can be by monitoring headaches occurring in people. The presence of magnetite in the human brain makes it possible. Magnetite is a mineral that helps animals such as bats adjust to the electromagnetic field of the earth. This mineral can also enable human beings to notice the changes in the electromagnetic field before an earthquake by causing headaches.
Finally, measuring radon emissions can also be a way to predict earthquakes. Most rocks release small amounts of gases whenever a seismic change occurs. One of these gases is radon, and it can be easily detected because the gas is radioactive. Since earthquakes are caused by seismic waves, it could be possible that a high concentration of radon in an area is a sign of an earthquake.
The lecturer argues that there are no reliable ways to predict earthquakes when it is appeared before. This contradicts the reading passage's claim that earthquakes are predictable by several methods.
First, the lecturer argues that knowing before the earthquakes by monitoring animals' behavior is impossible. It is because we don't know whether they move because of earthquakes precondition or not. It might be just reacting to mild shaking. Furthermore, we don't fully understand animals' general behaviors. This casts doubts on the argument made in the reading passage that animals can forecast earthquake events.
Second, the lecturer claims that predicting human headaches is not reliable. Magnetite in the brain is so scarce, there is no way that magnetite affects the human brain. Moreover, humans feel headaches quite often for various reasons. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize it between them. This refutes the argument made in the reading passage that earthquakes can be predicted by headaches.
Lastly, the lecturer points out that the existence of radon in the air is not the way to predict upheaval events. It is because radon can be emitted even when a small seismic event has happened. It can be a false alarm when it comes to real-world situations. This refutes the argument made in the reading passage that radon is one of the important clues for predicting earthquakes.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
The lecturer argues that there are no re...
^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...s are predictable by several methods. First, the lecturer argues that knowing ...
^^
Line 2, column 129, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...ehavior is impossible. It is because we dont know whether they move because of earth...
^^^^
Line 2, column 260, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...acting to mild shaking. Furthermore, we dont fully understand animals general behavi...
^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...imals can forecast earthquake events. Second, the lecturer claims that predict...
^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...quakes can be predicted by headaches. Lastly, the lecturer points out that the...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, furthermore, lastly, moreover, second, so, therefore
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 1.0 7.30242825607 14% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1173.0 1373.03311258 85% => OK
No of words: 223.0 270.72406181 82% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.2600896861 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.86434787811 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.82356709123 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 120.0 145.348785872 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.538116591928 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 362.7 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 3.25607064018 307% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 13.0 21.2450331126 61% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 22.276318704 49.2860985944 45% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 73.3125 110.228320801 67% => OK
Words per sentence: 13.9375 21.698381199 64% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.6875 7.06452816374 52% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.237969976208 0.272083759551 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0799768435023 0.0996497079465 80% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0727613166918 0.0662205650399 110% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.168464121363 0.162205337803 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0860610048755 0.0443174109184 194% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.3 13.3589403974 77% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.28 53.8541721854 108% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.64 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.25 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.2 10.498013245 69% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 68.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
The lecturer argues that there are no re...
^^
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...s are predictable by several methods. First, the lecturer argues that knowing ...
^^
Line 2, column 129, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...ehavior is impossible. It is because we dont know whether they move because of earth...
^^^^
Line 2, column 260, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...acting to mild shaking. Furthermore, we dont fully understand animals general behavi...
^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...imals can forecast earthquake events. Second, the lecturer claims that predict...
^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...quakes can be predicted by headaches. Lastly, the lecturer points out that the...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, furthermore, lastly, moreover, second, so, therefore
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 1.0 7.30242825607 14% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1173.0 1373.03311258 85% => OK
No of words: 223.0 270.72406181 82% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.2600896861 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.86434787811 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.82356709123 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 120.0 145.348785872 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.538116591928 0.540411800872 100% => OK
syllable_count: 362.7 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 3.25607064018 307% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 13.0 21.2450331126 61% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 22.276318704 49.2860985944 45% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 73.3125 110.228320801 67% => OK
Words per sentence: 13.9375 21.698381199 64% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.6875 7.06452816374 52% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 4.45695364238 202% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.237969976208 0.272083759551 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0799768435023 0.0996497079465 80% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0727613166918 0.0662205650399 110% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.168464121363 0.162205337803 104% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0860610048755 0.0443174109184 194% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.3 13.3589403974 77% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.28 53.8541721854 108% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.4 11.0289183223 76% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.64 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.25 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 56.0 63.6247240618 88% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.2 10.498013245 69% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 68.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.