During the day, most plants position their leaves so the leaves can collect sunlight. However, at night, some plants fold their leaves. There is no general agreement about why this occurs, but there are several competing theories as to why it might be beneficial for plants to fold up their leaves at night.
Protection Against Cold
First, some scientists believe that plants fold their leaves at night to protect themselves against the cold. An open leaf has a large surface area exposed to the air, which means it will readily lose heat on a cold night. A folded leaf has less of its surface exposed to the air, and will lose less heat. By folding their leaves at night, plants may protect their leaves from freezing.
Protection Against Infection
Folding leaves may be a mechanism to keep the leaves from getting wet if it rains. Leaves are vulnerable to diseases caused by fungal infection. When leaves are wet, the chance of infection is
greater, since fungal spores (small particles through which fungi reproduce) require water to spread to new locations. If the leaves stay dry, the risk of fungal infection is reduced.
Elimination of Nighttime Light
Finally, many plants need to keep track of the time of year in order to produce flowers at the right time. These plants often keep track of the season based on how much sunlight there is in a day. Plants' sense of time can be distorted when their leaves are exposed to sources of light at night, such as moonlight. The purpose of folding leaves may be to limit leaf exposure to nighttime light, which may help plants track the seasons more accurately.
The passage discusses that normally plants have their leaves unfolded toward the sunlight during the day, however, they fold up their leaves at night, and the writer puts forward several reasons for doing so. Consequently, the lecture casts doubt on all of them by serious counterarguments.
First and foremost, The article asserts that Plants fold their leaves to keep themselves away from freezing at night when it gets too cold. On the other hand, The professor points out that none of the plants have internal heat thereby exposed to cold weather they will be frizzed whether their leaves are open or folded. Therefore, the idea of protection against cold is not reliable.
Secondly, The writer contends that vegetarians fold their leaves to protect themselves against fungal infections that require water to spread. The speaker, conversely, Calls this contention into question. He explicitly states that leaves will be wet in any way even a little, and that is enough for fungal infection to spread out. As a result, plants are unable to protect themselves against fungal infections through this way.
Last but not least, The author claims that plants fold their leaves at night to eliminate night light interfering with their accurate natural sense to track seasons. On the contrary, The lecture clears out that numerous plants are not exposed to night light such as moonlight, and fold their leaves which proves otherwise.
- During the day most plants position their leaves so the leaves can collect sunlight However at night some plants fold their leaves There is no general agreement about why this occurs but there are several competing theories as to why it might be beneficia 88
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- Transient lunar phenomena TLP are relatively brief flashes of light that appear to come from the surface of the Moon Such flashes of light have been observed for centuries by both amateur and professional astronomers and several theories have been put for 86
- At a sale at a private home in California several years ago a man purchased a box of photographic negatives stored in envelopes negatives are photographic images on film or glass from which actual photographs can be made The negatives dated from the 1920s 78
- some people believe when bust parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolw 66
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, conversely, first, however, second, secondly, so, therefore, such as, as a result, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1201.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 232.0 270.72406181 86% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17672413793 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.90276135726 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50664618941 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 140.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.603448275862 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 341.1 419.366225166 81% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.2445886939 49.2860985944 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 109.181818182 110.228320801 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0909090909 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.3636363636 7.06452816374 175% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.3725757799 0.272083759551 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.134183182705 0.0996497079465 135% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.107851531497 0.0662205650399 163% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.236597605086 0.162205337803 146% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0660600636189 0.0443174109184 149% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 13.3589403974 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.76 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.29 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, conversely, first, however, second, secondly, so, therefore, such as, as a result, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1201.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 232.0 270.72406181 86% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.17672413793 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.90276135726 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50664618941 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 140.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.603448275862 0.540411800872 112% => OK
syllable_count: 341.1 419.366225166 81% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.2445886939 49.2860985944 94% => OK
Chars per sentence: 109.181818182 110.228320801 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0909090909 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 12.3636363636 7.06452816374 175% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.3725757799 0.272083759551 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.134183182705 0.0996497079465 135% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.107851531497 0.0662205650399 163% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.236597605086 0.162205337803 146% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0660600636189 0.0443174109184 149% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 13.3589403974 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.76 12.2367328918 104% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.29 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 88.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.