The city council of Town X has proposed reducing the city’s electric expenses by switching all the lights in public buildings from incandescent bulbs to light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The switch would be made gradually as the old incandescent bulbs burn out, and the city council reasons that since LED lights burn brighter and cost no more to purchase, the switch would help Town X save money on electrical costs in the future.
The argument that switching all the lights
in public buildings from incandescent bulbs to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) would help Town X save money on electrical costs in the future is not entirely logically convincing since it ignore certain logical assumption.
The argument assumes that LED lights burn brighter and cost no more to purchase but it does nothing to explain which one consumes more energy or which of the bulbs last longer.
Secondly, the argument never address if the bulb will fit into old switch or they will be provided with new features.
Thirdly, the argument does not state any other setback or undisclosed consequence of the new bulb.
Thus, the argument is not completely sound, the evidence in support of the conclusion that switching all the lights in public buildings from incandescent bulbs to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) would help Town X save money on electrical costs in the future does little to prove the conclusion since it does not address the assumption raised. The argument might have been strengthened if the author has addressed that the new bulb consumes less energy, that the bulb will fit into the existing features and states that there is no undisclosed setback.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-07-06 | Abiolaben001 | 50 | view |
- Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free 50
- To understand the most important characteristics of a society one must study its major cities 50
- The city council of Town X has proposed reducing the city s electric expenses by switching all the lights in public buildings from incandescent bulbs to light emitting diodes LEDs The switch would be made gradually as the old incandescent bulbs burn out a 27
- formal education tend to restrain the mind and spirit rather than set them free 50
- To understand the most important characteristics of a society one must study its major cities 16
Comments
e-rater score report
flaws:
No. of Words: 199 350
Minimum 250 words wanted
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: ??? out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 6 15
No. of Words: 199 350
No. of Characters: 992 1500
No. of Different Words: 102 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 3.756 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.985 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.672 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 68 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 50 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 39 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 22 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 33.167 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 12.72 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.833 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.536 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.903 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.1 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 206, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nvincing since it ignore certain logical assumption. The argument assumes tha...
^^
Line 4, column 21, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...cal assumption. The argument assumes that LED lights burn brighter and cost n...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, if, second, secondly, so, then, third, thirdly, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 19.6327345309 25% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 12.9520958084 46% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 11.1786427146 54% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 8.0 13.6137724551 59% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 10.0 28.8173652695 35% => OK
Preposition: 22.0 55.5748502994 40% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 10.0 16.3942115768 61% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1028.0 2260.96107784 45% => More number of characters wanted.
No of words: 199.0 441.139720559 45% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.16582914573 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.75589349951 4.56307096286 82% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.73116386901 2.78398813304 98% => OK
Unique words: 106.0 204.123752495 52% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.532663316583 0.468620217663 114% => OK
syllable_count: 299.7 705.55239521 42% => syllable counts are too short.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 4.96107784431 20% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.76447105788 80% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 6.0 19.7664670659 30% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 33.0 22.8473053892 144% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 82.0678919486 57.8364921388 142% => OK
Chars per sentence: 171.333333333 119.503703932 143% => OK
Words per sentence: 33.1666666667 23.324526521 142% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.5 5.70786347227 166% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 8.20758483034 49% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 6.88822355289 15% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.67664670659 21% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.357722756722 0.218282227539 164% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.179393319584 0.0743258471296 241% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.133205702824 0.0701772020484 190% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.191312200628 0.128457276422 149% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.101159495864 0.0628817314937 161% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 19.5 14.3799401198 136% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.44 48.3550499002 96% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.0 12.197005988 123% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.3 12.5979740519 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.45 8.32208582834 102% => OK
difficult_words: 40.0 98.500998004 41% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 12.3882235529 113% => OK
gunning_fog: 15.2 11.1389221557 136% => OK
text_standard: 15.0 11.9071856287 126% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Minimum 250 words wanted.
Rates: 33.33 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 2.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.