The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.
"A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
While it may be end up being true that businesses should only hire people that who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night, the author does not provide a cogent and nuanced argument to support this position.
By drawing his conclusion solely from the results of a survey, the author assumes that the 300 executives surveyed are representative of the entire population and business world in its entirety. There are a few problems with this assumption. First, compared to the entire population and business world, a sample size of 300 is small and in this case biased as well. Only executives from one industry were included in this sample. The author’s conclusion refers to the business world in general, but maybe it should be narrowed to only the advertising industry. People who end up becoming executives could also just inherently be extremely hard workers, and this diligence is the actual for their success as opposed to sleeping less. Furthermore, only focusing on executives ignores all of the other employees of a company that are essential to its success. To correct for these issues, a more in-depth survey should be conducted with a much larger sample that includes a significantly more diverse sample of people across a wide variety of industries and job types.
Another flawed assumption the author makes is equating an “association” with causation. Despite the narrow scope of this survey discussed above, the results only show an “association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms”. A crucial tenet of statistical analysis is that correlation does not imply causation. It is very possible that out of these 300 advertising executives surveyed, the majority, say 200, successful executives average less than 6 hours of sleep per night. However, that still leaves 100 successful executives who averaged more than 6 hours of sleep per night. Clearly, is not essential for hiring process to exclusively focus on candidates who need less than sleep than 6 hours of sleep per night.
Furthermore, the author’s assumption of causation leads to an extreme conclusion as the word “only” indicates. There is rarely just one path to success, so the author should focus on identifying other common traits of employees that help a business succeed. Businesses seem to be making a concerted effort to hire more diverse staffs, realizing that an increase in diversity leads to more unique perspectives that can help a company grow.
It is certainly tempting to conclude that sleeping less and working more hours will lead to greater success, yet a more detailed analysis reveals that this conclusion is over-simplified.
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Comments
e-rater score report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 783, Rule ID: ALL_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'all the'.
Suggestion: all the
...re, only focusing on executives ignores all of the other employees of a company that are e...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, however, if, may, so, still, well, while, in general
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 19.0 19.6327345309 97% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 12.9520958084 85% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 11.1786427146 89% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 13.6137724551 125% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 28.8173652695 108% => OK
Preposition: 55.0 55.5748502994 99% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 16.3942115768 79% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2255.0 2260.96107784 100% => OK
No of words: 437.0 441.139720559 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.16018306636 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.57214883401 4.56307096286 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.88661680743 2.78398813304 104% => OK
Unique words: 215.0 204.123752495 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.491990846682 0.468620217663 105% => OK
syllable_count: 696.6 705.55239521 99% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 4.96107784431 60% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.76447105788 103% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 2.70958083832 37% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.22255489022 71% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 19.7664670659 96% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 46.9862949312 57.8364921388 81% => OK
Chars per sentence: 118.684210526 119.503703932 99% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.0 23.324526521 99% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.36842105263 5.70786347227 77% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 5.25449101796 19% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 10.0 8.20758483034 122% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 6.88822355289 15% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.67664670659 171% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.223824638757 0.218282227539 103% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0749130510824 0.0743258471296 101% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0684885531088 0.0701772020484 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.124245079433 0.128457276422 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0969063330413 0.0628817314937 154% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 14.3799401198 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 48.3550499002 100% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 12.197005988 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.94 12.5979740519 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.9 8.32208582834 107% => OK
difficult_words: 114.0 98.500998004 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 12.3882235529 113% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.9071856287 76% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.