assay
Regulatory pathways that limit the immune response to cancer are becoming increasingly well characterized. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule that down-regulates pathways of T-cell activation.10 ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody (IgG1) that blocks CTLA-4 to promote antitumor immunity,11-14 has shown activity in patients with metastatic melanoma when it has been used as monotherapy in phase 2 studies.15-17 ipilimumab has also shown activity when combined with other agents,18,19 including cancer vaccines.20,21 one well-studied cancer vaccine comprises HLA-A⋆0201–restricted peptides derived from the melanosomal protein, glycoprotein 100 (gp100). monotherapy with this vaccine induces immune responses but has limited antitumor activity.22 However, the results of a recent study suggest that gp100 may improve the efficacy of high-dose interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma.23 With no accepted standard of care, gp100 was used as an active control for our phase 3 study, which evaluated whether ipilimumab with or without gp100 improves overall survival, as compared with gp100 alone, among patients with metastatic melanoma who had undergone previous treatment.
METHODS patients
patients were eligible for inclusion in the study if they had a diagnosis of unresectable stage III or IV melanoma and had received a previous therapeutic regimen containing one or more of the following: dacarbazine, temozolomide, fotemustine, carboplatin, or interleukin-2. other inclusion criteria were age of at least 18 years; life expectancy of at least 4 months; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 (fully active, able to carry on all predisease performance without restriction) or 1 (restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature, such as light housework or office work)24; positive status for HLA-A⋆0201; normal hematologic, hepatic, and renal function; and no systemic treatment in the previous 28 days. Exclusion criteria were any other cancer from which the patient had been disease-free for less than 5 years (except treated and cured basal-cell or squamous-cell skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer, or treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, breast, or bladder); primary ocular melanoma; previous receipt of anti–CTLA-4 antibody or cancer vaccine; autoimmune disease; active, untreated metastases in the central nervous system; pregnancy or lactation; concomitant treatment with any nonstudy anticancer therapy or immunosuppressive agent; or long-term use of systemic corticosteroids.
The protocol was approved by the institutional review board at each participating institution and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles originating from the Declaration of Helsinki and with Good Clinical Practice as defined by the International Conference on Harmonization. All patients (or their legal representatives) gave written informed consent before enrollment.
Hodi et al. Page 2
N Engl J Med . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 January 19.
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- In recent years, the family structure has changed as well as family roles. What are the changes occurring? Do you think this changes are positive or nagative? 11
- 22.09.2017 Some people feel that entertainers (e.g film stars, pop musicians or sports stars) are paid too much money.Do you agree or disagree?Which other types of job should be highly paid? 11
- Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programs (for example working for a charity,improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to younger children).To what extent do you agree or disagree? 11
- assay 11
- Some people think that the government should spend money on faster public transportation, others think that there is other important priorities of public transport eg, cost reduction and environment. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 11
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 709, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Monotherapy
...osomal protein, glycoprotein 100 gp100. monotherapy with this vaccine induces immune respon...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Patients
...revious treatment. METHODS patients patients were eligible for inclusion in the stud...
^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 276, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Other
...mustine, carboplatin, or interleukin-2. other inclusion criteria were age of at least...
^^^^^
Line 11, column 13, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...ent. Hodi et al. Page 2 N Engl J Med . Author manuscript; available in PMC 201...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, however, if, may, so, well, at least, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 7.0 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 1.00243902439 100% => OK
Conjunction : 24.0 6.8 353% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 9.0 3.15609756098 285% => Less relative clauses wanted (maybe 'which' is over used).
Pronoun: 9.0 5.60731707317 161% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 57.0 33.7804878049 169% => OK
Nominalization: 15.0 3.97073170732 378% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2708.0 965.302439024 281% => Less number of characters wanted.
No of words: 447.0 196.424390244 228% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 6.0581655481 4.92477711251 123% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.59808378696 3.73543355544 123% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.59687087204 2.65546596893 135% => OK
Unique words: 287.0 106.607317073 269% => Less unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.642058165548 0.547539520022 117% => OK
syllable_count: 845.1 283.868780488 298% => syllable counts are too long.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.9 1.45097560976 131% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 1.53170731707 0% => OK
Article: 3.0 4.33902439024 69% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.07073170732 93% => OK
Conjunction: 6.0 0.482926829268 1242% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 1.0 3.36585365854 30% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 8.94146341463 123% => OK
Sentence length: 40.0 22.4926829268 178% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 230.394308068 43.030603864 535% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 246.181818182 112.824112599 218% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 40.6363636364 22.9334400587 177% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.09090909091 5.23603664747 97% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 3.83414634146 104% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 1.69756097561 236% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 3.70975609756 108% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 1.13902439024 263% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.09268292683 98% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0 0.215688989381 0% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0 0.103423049105 0% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0843802449381 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0 0.15604864568 0% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0819641961636 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 27.4 13.2329268293 207% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: 5.5 61.2550243902 9% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 17.1 6.51609756098 262% => Smog_index is high.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 22.4 10.3012195122 217% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 18.76 11.4140731707 164% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 11.73 8.06136585366 146% => OK
difficult_words: 173.0 40.7170731707 425% => Less difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 25.0 11.4329268293 219% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 18.0 10.9970731707 164% => OK
text_standard: 18.0 11.0658536585 163% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 11.2359550562 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 9
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.