The diagram shows the components of a neuron and how it works

The picture illustrates the structures of a neuron and the way it conducts a signal.
Overall, the neuron is separated into two main parts. The first is the body with a soma cell and dendrites, the other contains an axon, myelin sheaths, and terminal buttons.
The cell body, or soma, is surrounded by dendrites which play a role in receiving messages from other cells. One of the branches of the body cell, however, forms an axon instead of a dendrite to transmit messages far away from the soma cell. The action potential here is boosted by myelin sheaths and travels down the axon. The myelin sheath is a discontinuous capsule covering the axon. Finally, when the electrical signal reaches the terminal buttons, the impulse comes to other neurons at the junction between two neural cells. The process is continued until it reaches the target cell (neurons, muscles, or glands).