The graph below gives information about U.S government spending on research between 1980 and 2008
The given line graph compares five different fields (Health, Space, Energy Science, and other areas) in terms of U.S government spending on research in the period from 1980 to 2008. Overall, it can be seen that the expenditure of the government on Health was the highest while the lowest amount of money was spent on General Science.
At the beginning of 1980, the U.S government spent nearly $8 billion then slightly dropped to approximately $7 billion 4 years later. It continued rising back and peaked at more than $20 billion. Despite a drop to $18 billion in 2008, expenditure on Health research was still the highest. Meanwhile, the expenditure on General Science was the lowest all the time, at approximately $3 billion in 1980 to about $5 billion in 2008.
With Energy and Space, there was also an increase from $5 billion and approximately $6 billion in 1980 to $7 billion and $9 billion in 2008 respectively. On the contrary, the amount of money spent on other areas experienced a downward trend from nearly $8 billion in 1980 to $5 billion in 2008.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-10-23 | ililmaidatuz | 73 | view |
| 2023-09-01 | minhhh123 | view | |
| 2023-07-14 | quan12341234 | 11 | view |
| 2023-07-14 | quan12341234 | 11 | view |
| 2023-04-13 | vydky | view |
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 114, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: S
... Science, and other areas in terms of U.S government spending on research in the ...
^
Line 2, column 33, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: S
...ence. At the beginning of 1980, the U.S government spent nearly billion then s...
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Line 2, column 58, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...of 1980, the U.S government spent nearly billion then slightly dropped to approxi...
^^
Line 2, column 60, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
... 1980, the U.S government spent nearly billion then slightly dropped to approximately ...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 106, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...n then slightly dropped to approximately billion 4 years later. It continued risi...
^^
Line 2, column 108, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...then slightly dropped to approximately billion 4 years later. It continued rising back...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 373, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...he lowest all the time, at approximately billion in 1980 to about billion in 200...
^^
Line 2, column 375, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
... lowest all the time, at approximately billion in 1980 to about billion in 2008. Wi...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 399, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... approximately billion in 1980 to about billion in 2008. With Energy and Space...
^^
Line 2, column 401, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...pproximately billion in 1980 to about billion in 2008. With Energy and Space, there...
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Line 3, column 55, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...d Space, there was also an increase from billion and approximately billion in 19...
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Line 3, column 57, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...Space, there was also an increase from billion and approximately billion in 1980 to ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 82, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...increase from billion and approximately billion in 1980 to billion and billion...
^^
Line 3, column 84, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...crease from billion and approximately billion in 1980 to billion and billion in 200...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 102, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...on and approximately billion in 1980 to billion and billion in 2008 respectivel...
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Line 3, column 104, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
... and approximately billion in 1980 to billion and billion in 2008 respectively. On t...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 115, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...imately billion in 1980 to billion and billion in 2008 respectively. On the con...
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Line 3, column 117, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...ately billion in 1980 to billion and billion in 2008 respectively. On the contrary, ...
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Line 3, column 245, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...experienced a downward trend from nearly billion in 1980 to billion in 2008.
^^
Line 3, column 247, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
...perienced a downward trend from nearly billion in 1980 to billion in 2008.
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 265, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...rd trend from nearly billion in 1980 to billion in 2008.
^^
Line 3, column 267, Rule ID: NODT_DOZEN[1]
Message: Use simply: 'a billion'.
Suggestion: a billion
... trend from nearly billion in 1980 to billion in 2008.
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, if, so, still, then, while, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 7.0 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 1.00243902439 100% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 6.8 74% => OK
Relative clauses : 1.0 3.15609756098 32% => OK
Pronoun: 3.0 5.60731707317 54% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 33.7804878049 107% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 3.97073170732 151% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 853.0 965.302439024 88% => OK
No of words: 173.0 196.424390244 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.93063583815 4.92477711251 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.62669911048 3.73543355544 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.71638172211 2.65546596893 102% => OK
Unique words: 88.0 106.607317073 83% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.508670520231 0.547539520022 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 248.4 283.868780488 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.45097560976 96% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 1.53170731707 131% => OK
Article: 4.0 4.33902439024 92% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.07073170732 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 0.482926829268 207% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 5.0 3.36585365854 149% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 8.94146341463 89% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 22.4926829268 93% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.8891100488 43.030603864 81% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.625 112.824112599 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.625 22.9334400587 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.125 5.23603664747 117% => OK
Paragraphs: 3.0 3.83414634146 78% => More paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 22.0 1.69756097561 1296% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 3.70975609756 54% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 1.13902439024 263% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.09268292683 73% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.179032609493 0.215688989381 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0930286995561 0.103423049105 90% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0704470434583 0.0843802449381 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.134230609571 0.15604864568 86% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0464535886205 0.0819641961636 57% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.6 13.2329268293 95% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 67.08 61.2550243902 110% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 6.51609756098 135% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 10.3012195122 88% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.31 11.4140731707 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.14 8.06136585366 89% => OK
difficult_words: 27.0 40.7170731707 66% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 11.4329268293 92% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.9970731707 95% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.0658536585 99% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 56.1797752809 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 5.0 Out of 9
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.