In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jay contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The archaeologist proposed that vessel were ancient electric batteries and even demonstrated that they can produce a small electric current when filled with some liquids. However, it is not likely that the vessels were actually used as electric batteries in ancient times.
First of all, if the vessels were used as batteries, they would probably have been attached to some electricity conductors such as metal wires. But there is no evidence that any metal wires were located near the vessels. All that has been excavated are the vessels themselves.
Second, the copper cylinders inside the jarslook exactly like copper cylinders discovered in the ruins of Seleucia, an ancientcity located nearby. We know that the copper cylinders from Seleucia were used for holding scrolls of sacred texts, not for generating electricity. Since the cylinders found with the jars have the same shape, it is very likely they were used for holding scrolls as well. That no scrolls were found inside the jars can be explained by the fact that the scrolls simply disintegrated over the centuries.
Finally, what could ancient people have done with the electricity that the vessels were supposed to have generated? They had no devices that replied on electricity. As batteries, the vessels would have been completely useless to them.
The reading states that the purpose of the vessels if for the electricity. however, the professor opposes the reading by providing three possible explanations.
First, the reading claims that the vessels was not used as batteries because there were no metal materials has been found near the there. however, the professor refutes the idea by saying that the clay jars were found by local people; therefore, the metal materials could probably be throw away. because these local people are not trained, the importance of possible materials can be overlooked.
Second, the article says that the copper cylinders resembles the cylinders from seleucia; those from seleucia were used for holding scrolls. Thus, these copper cylinders were not for electricity. but, the professor disagrees with the idea. she said these cylinders may originally used for holding scrolls, but then were adopted for another purposes, like producing the electricity.
Last, the reading states that ancient people did not relied on electricity; therefore, the vessels has nothing to do with electric-use. however, the professor argue that ancient people could use the power generated by the vessels so that they could convince others by saying that they has magical power. Besides, she said that the electric power may used for relieving pain; just like we do in modern days, using electric powers to stimulate muscles.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-12-23 | ShayesteTR | 3 | view |
| 2021-12-23 | ShayesteTR | 3 | view |
- Agree or disagree: It is more enjoyable to have a job where you work only three days a week for long hours than to have a job where you work five days a week for shorter hours. 60
- Tpo 29, to improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on salaries for university professors. 60
- In 1938 an archaeologist in Iraq acquired a set of clay jars that had been excavated two years earlier by villagers constructing a railroad line. The vessel was about 2,200 years old. Each clay jay contained a copper cylinder surrounding an iron rod. The 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people today have no influence on the important decisions that determine the future of society as a whole.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 60
- buzz 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 76, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
... of the vessels if for the electricity. however, the professor opposes the reading by p...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 139, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...aterials has been found near the there. however, the professor refutes the idea by sayi...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 297, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Because
...materials could probably be throw away. because these local people are not trained, the...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 197, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: But
...per cylinders were not for electricity. but, the professor disagrees with the idea....
^^^
Line 5, column 241, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
... the professor disagrees with the idea. she said these cylinders may originally use...
^^^
Line 7, column 54, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'did' requires the base form of the verb: 'rely'
Suggestion: rely
...ding states that ancient people did not relied on electricity; therefore, the vessels ...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 137, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: However
...ls has nothing to do with electric-use. however, the professor argue that ancient peopl...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 286, Rule ID: NON3PRS_VERB[2]
Message: The pronoun 'they' must be used with a non-third-person form of a verb: 'have'
Suggestion: have
...uld convince others by saying that they has magical power. Besides, she said that t...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
besides, but, first, however, if, look, may, second, so, then, therefore, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 1.0 7.30242825607 14% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 18.0 30.3222958057 59% => More preposition wanted.
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1187.0 1373.03311258 86% => OK
No of words: 220.0 270.72406181 81% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.39545454545 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.85128510684 4.04702891845 95% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5542825811 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 118.0 145.348785872 81% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.536363636364 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 361.8 419.366225166 86% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 40.2246296855 49.2860985944 82% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.9166666667 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.3333333333 21.698381199 84% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.5 7.06452816374 92% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 8.0 4.19205298013 191% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0646689521581 0.272083759551 24% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.027661007054 0.0996497079465 28% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0255134248296 0.0662205650399 39% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0386230798853 0.162205337803 24% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.020585139455 0.0443174109184 46% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.2 13.3589403974 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 53.21 53.8541721854 99% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.04 12.2367328918 115% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.05 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 49.0 63.6247240618 77% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.