Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves. Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act. In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group. The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard, the sentinel meerkat gains nothing—it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, being sure to specifically explain how they cast doubt on points made in the reading.
The lecture gives illustrates the personal advantages of examples which are stated as altruists in the passage. In the lecture it is stated that new findings suggests personal benefits of sentinel of meerkats. The lecture also points the non-material rewards of an altruist human.
Firstly, the lecture states that the sentinel of meerkat actually eats food before any other group member which directly contradicts the statement made by passage which states that the sentinel couldn’t get food as it guards the group while other group members are searching for food.
Secondly, the lecture says that as the sentinel sees the predator first, it is more likely to get escaped first. This contradicts the statement made in passage, as the passage says as soon as the sentinel gives alarm signal of an approaching predator, the rest of the group members escape and the sentinel is more probable to get attacked.
Thirdly, the lecture also states that some findings suggest that as the sentinel stands near the burrow it can escape easily if a predator approaches and since it gives alarm signal the rest of the group gather together grasping attention of the predator. But, the passage states that the group has advantage over alone sentinel as group can work together to defend themselves against predator.
Finally, the lecture also states that altruist human enjoys the non-material advantages that appreciation and approval from society and increase in sel-worth due to his selfless altruist acts. Whereas the passage says that there are no personal benefits for the humans who share their food even with strangers and the humans who donates even their organs. While the passage doesn’t point the advantages of elite feelings due to altruist acts the lecture states them
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-03-21 | toefl 2019 | 80 | view |
| 2019-05-10 | Ilgar | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 471, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...to altruist acts the lecture states them
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, firstly, if, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, whereas, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 29.0 30.3222958057 96% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1499.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 288.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.20486111111 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11953428781 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54314382925 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 135.0 145.348785872 93% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.46875 0.540411800872 87% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 459.9 419.366225166 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 26.0 21.2450331126 122% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 67.7030463077 49.2860985944 137% => OK
Chars per sentence: 136.272727273 110.228320801 124% => OK
Words per sentence: 26.1818181818 21.698381199 121% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.27272727273 7.06452816374 131% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0864175929849 0.272083759551 32% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.03937101496 0.0996497079465 40% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0276575766241 0.0662205650399 42% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.053751358863 0.162205337803 33% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0226100008525 0.0443174109184 51% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.2 13.3589403974 121% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.09 53.8541721854 84% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.4 11.0289183223 121% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.18 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.49 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.4 10.498013245 118% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.