Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.
Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group.
The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard,the sentinel meerkat gains nothing—it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.
Here the lecturer has spoken about the altruistic behaviors of meerkats and of humans. She completely refutes the arguments presented in the passage.
First of all, the lecturer states that recent studies of meerkats have found that the sentinels standing guard actually eats before the group and thus refuting the point made in passage that sentinels are showing altruistic behavior.
Furthermore, the lecturer says that sentinels stand guard near a burrow and on seeing the predator they will be the first one to hide inside the burrow and reach safety. Also, when sentinels give out a warning cry, other meerkats will group together and thus draw attention of predator away from sentinal. Thus, again refuting the passage that sentinels are putting themselves in grave danger.
Lastly, the lecturer attacks the altruistic behavior of humans stated in passage by mentioning that the person donating an organ recieves appreciation from society and thus gain something from donating an organ, so the behavior is not at all altruistic.
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- Altruism 3
- Professors on Television 83
- Two years ago radio station WCQP in Rockville decided to increase the number of call in advice programs that it broadcast since that time its share of the radio audience in the Rockville listening area has increased significantly Given WCQP s recent succe 59
- The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette The population of Balmer Island increases to 100 000 during the summer months To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians the town council of Balmer Islan 68
- The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell Two years ago the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel During the past two years tourism in Ocean View has increased new businesses have opened there 68
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, first, furthermore, lastly, so, thus, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 9.0 22.412803532 40% => OK
Preposition: 23.0 30.3222958057 76% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 879.0 1373.03311258 64% => OK
No of words: 165.0 270.72406181 61% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.32727272727 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.58402463422 4.04702891845 89% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54571427246 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 102.0 145.348785872 70% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.618181818182 0.540411800872 114% => OK
syllable_count: 264.6 419.366225166 63% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 3.0 8.23620309051 36% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 7.0 13.0662251656 54% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 69.4917408101 49.2860985944 141% => OK
Chars per sentence: 125.571428571 110.228320801 114% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.5714285714 21.698381199 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.42857142857 7.06452816374 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0719928593789 0.272083759551 26% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0330820924958 0.0996497079465 33% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.028366426969 0.0662205650399 43% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0478036606528 0.162205337803 29% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0218728561751 0.0443174109184 49% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.5 13.3589403974 116% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.93 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.8 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 42.0 63.6247240618 66% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.