While the reading passage presents three theories about how Egyptians moved stone blocks to construct pyramids, the lecture points out weaknesses in those theories.
First, the passage introduces the external ramp theory, which suggests that Egyptians used a long, straight ramp on one side of the pyramid to transport blocks and dismantled it after construction of the pyramid was finished. However, the lecturer states that this method would have been impractical because there was no space at the construction site for such a large ramp. He also states that dismantling a large ramp would have been a big task, and no remains of this ramp have ever been found.
The second theory in the passage is the internal ramp theory, which proposes that a spiraling ramp inside the pyramid was used to move stone blocks. This ramp would have used wooden cranes at corners to help to turn the blocks, and it could have become part of the pyramid's structure after completion. The lecturer, however, explains that it is difficult to prove this theory. He also argues that it would have been too difficult to move large blocks using a spiral ramp, and that timber for cranes was not available in Egypt and would have been expensive to import.
Finally, the passage introduces the concrete casting theory, which hypothesizes that crushed limestone was mixed with water to form blocks at the pyramid and allowed builders to avoid transporting heavy, stone blocks. Microscopic evidence of synthetic material further supports this theory. The lecturer, however, refutes this theory by stating that the ancient Romans were the first to use concrete casting techniques, and that the microscopic evidence of synthetic material is residue from modern renovations.
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- Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free time Compare the benefits of planning free time activities with the benefits of not making plans Which do you prefer plannin 56
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, if, second, so, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1471.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 283.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.19787985866 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10153676581 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54511172192 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.515901060071 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 445.5 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.1597724198 49.2860985944 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 133.727272727 110.228320801 121% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.7272727273 21.698381199 119% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.72727272727 7.06452816374 67% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.244777087391 0.272083759551 90% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0993011951216 0.0996497079465 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0592708472989 0.0662205650399 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.156352559303 0.162205337803 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0472294706643 0.0443174109184 107% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.9 13.3589403974 119% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 53.8541721854 86% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 11.0289183223 118% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.18 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.06 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, first, however, if, second, so, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1471.0 1373.03311258 107% => OK
No of words: 283.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.19787985866 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10153676581 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54511172192 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.515901060071 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 445.5 419.366225166 106% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 25.0 21.2450331126 118% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.1597724198 49.2860985944 104% => OK
Chars per sentence: 133.727272727 110.228320801 121% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.7272727273 21.698381199 119% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.72727272727 7.06452816374 67% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.244777087391 0.272083759551 90% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0993011951216 0.0996497079465 100% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0592708472989 0.0662205650399 90% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.156352559303 0.162205337803 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0472294706643 0.0443174109184 107% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.9 13.3589403974 119% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 53.8541721854 86% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 11.0289183223 118% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.18 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.06 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 10.498013245 114% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.