The article and the lecture are both discussing about the validity of a fossils which supposed to be the remains of bee nests. The article states that the possibility of this theory is skeptical and gives three reasons for support. The lecturer dismisses all reasons by saying that perfectly possibility of this fossils is not skeptical, and the arguments of reading is not convincing.
First of all, refers to lack of any actual bees' fossils, and makes doubt for the theory. The professor opposes this point by saying that lack of bees' fossils do not mean that there were not any bee 200 million years ago. She explains that bees could only preserve in resin of specific tree, a sticky material in the body of the tree. As those trees were rare at that time there is not any fossil of actual bees today, which preserved since 200 million years ago.
Secondly, the reading asserts that there were no flowering plants at that time. The professor believes this reason is not plausible because the bees of that time were not necessarily related to flowering plants closely. She adds more details by saying that ancient bees might feed on some other plants like Ferns and Pont trees.
Lastly, while the reading refers to lack of some details in the structure of the fossils, the professor makes a counterargument by pointing that there are some chemicals which are known as evidence for bees' nests. She describes that this distinct material which were used for water proofing of nests is the same as the resemble material for the same purpose in the modern nests.
The reading and the lecture are about whether bees existed 200 million years ago, which the existence is suggested by the structure in fossilized tree. The author of the reading believes there are three reasons why bees didn't exist at that time. The lecturer challenges that statements made by the author. she is of the opinion that the author's reasons are not convincing.
first of all, the author suggests that no actual fossil of bee that date to 200 million years ago have been found. it is mentioned that the earliest bee fossil is from 100 years ago. The argument is refuted by the lecture. she says even though the statement of the author is true, yet the bee fossil is preserved in tree resin. Furthermore, she argues that the tree that gave resin evolved much later, and as a result, no bee was preserved before the tree that give resin evolved.
Secondly, the article posits that there was no flowering plant 200 million years ago. The article notes bees and flowers are interdependent, and so they must be co-evolved. The very first flowering plant is dated to 125 million years ago. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by asserting that bees could have existed before flowering plants. she elaborates on this by mentioning that bees might ate non flowering plants, such as pine tree. Subsequently, flowering plants evolved, and bees adapted to them.
Finally, it is stated in the reading that even though the fossilized structure that found is identical to nest of modern bees, the details of them are different from each other. The author establishes that modern bees' nests have a spiral patterns, but the fossilized one's have no such pattern. The lecturer, on the other hand, opposes that though, spiral caps lack in the fossilized structure, there is similarity in chemical analysis. she puts forth the idea that bee nests have water proofing substances, and such water proofing substances have been found in the fossilized structure.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-21 | Apolytos | 60 | view |
| 2016-08-13 | ali2sobhani | 86 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 221, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...lieves there are three reasons why bees didnt exist at that time. The lecturer challe...
^^^^^
Line 1, column 247, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...sons why bees didnt exist at that time. The lecturer challenges that statements mad...
^^^
Line 1, column 307, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...ges that statements made by the author. she is of the opinion that the authors reas...
^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: First
... authors reasons are not convincing. first of all, the author suggests that no act...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 116, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
... 200 million years ago have been found. it is mentioned that the earliest bee foss...
^^
Line 3, column 224, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...The argument is refuted by the lecture. she says even though the statement of the a...
^^^
Line 5, column 240, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...lant is dated to 125 million years ago. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by asser...
^^^
Line 5, column 342, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...d have existed before flowering plants. she elaborates on this by mentioning that b...
^^^
Line 7, column 437, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...ere is similarity in chemical analysis. she puts forth the idea that bee nests have...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, second, secondly, so, such as, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 10.4613686534 201% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 30.0 30.3222958057 99% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1626.0 1373.03311258 118% => OK
No of words: 329.0 270.72406181 122% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94224924012 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.25891501996 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50447442829 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 163.0 145.348785872 112% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.495440729483 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 488.7 419.366225166 117% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 6.0 1.51434878587 396% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 37.2690301647 49.2860985944 76% => OK
Chars per sentence: 85.5789473684 110.228320801 78% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.3157894737 21.698381199 80% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.42105263158 7.06452816374 91% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 9.0 4.19205298013 215% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 10.0 4.27373068433 234% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.16987303303 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.056970294779 0.0996497079465 57% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0363565225815 0.0662205650399 55% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.10524116462 0.162205337803 65% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0413225766894 0.0443174109184 93% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.5 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.08 12.2367328918 91% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.08 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.