Did bees a type of insect exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200-million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. However, many skeptics doubt that the structures were created by bees. The skeptics support their view with several arguments.
No Fossils of Actual Bees
First, no fossil remains of actua
The lecture and the reading are both about the doubts about the 200-million-year-old fossil. While the author of the reading argues thats the structures were not created by bees, the lecturer disputes the idea presented in the passage. She asserts that these doubts can be explained.
According to the passage, there is no fossil remains that date to 200 million years ago. The author claims that the earliest fossil is 100 million years old. The lecturer challenges this argument. She contends that maybe the 200-million-year-old fossil can not be preserved until today. Addionally, she point out that the fossil can only be formed with the presence of trees. However, trees are rare 200 million years ago.
Secondly, the author suggets that there was no flowering plants 200 million years ago. In the article notes that bees and flowering plants evolved a close biological relationship. The lecturer, however, propose that bees can have a close relationship with non-flowering plants in that period. She goes on to say that bees may feed on pine trees or something else in that time. The relationship between bees and flowering plants is newly formed.
Finally, the author put forth the point that the fossilized strctures found lack some details such as caps. The author mentions that modern bees nests are closed by caps, which the fossil lacks. In contrast, the lecture's stance is that the fossilized structures and modern structures are chemically similar. She says that these two things contain the same kind of water proof material, which suggests they are similar.
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| 2023-09-07 | YasamanEsml | 88 | view |
| 2023-08-04 | sahel | 76 | view |
| 2023-06-29 | Vivian Chang | 73 | view |
| 2023-02-18 | reza_fattahi | 80 | view |
| 2023-02-13 | zaid | 73 | view |
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Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 133, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
... While the author of the reading argues thats the structures were not created by bees...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 304, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'she' must be used with a third-person verb: 'points'.
Suggestion: points
... preserved until today. Addionally, she point out that the fossil can only be formed ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 213, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lectures'' or 'lecture's'?
Suggestion: lectures'; lecture's
...hich the fossil lacks. In contrast, the lectures stance is that the fossilized structure...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 365, Rule ID: EN_COMPOUNDS
Message: This word is normally spelled as one.
Suggestion: waterproof
...ese two things contain the same kind of water proof material, which suggests they are simil...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, however, may, second, secondly, so, while, in contrast, kind of, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 22.0 30.3222958057 73% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1328.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 257.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.1673151751 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00390054096 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.74728562641 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.533073929961 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 379.8 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 25.5077451322 49.2860985944 52% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 73.7777777778 110.228320801 67% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.2777777778 21.698381199 66% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.5 7.06452816374 64% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.27373068433 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.380268541237 0.272083759551 140% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.12467571868 0.0996497079465 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101958924376 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.211351022963 0.162205337803 130% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0881059106014 0.0443174109184 199% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.1 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.11 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.89 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 133, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
... While the author of the reading argues thats the structures were not created by bees...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 304, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'she' must be used with a third-person verb: 'points'.
Suggestion: points
... preserved until today. Addionally, she point out that the fossil can only be formed ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 213, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'lectures'' or 'lecture's'?
Suggestion: lectures'; lecture's
...hich the fossil lacks. In contrast, the lectures stance is that the fossilized structure...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 365, Rule ID: EN_COMPOUNDS
Message: This word is normally spelled as one.
Suggestion: waterproof
...ese two things contain the same kind of water proof material, which suggests they are simil...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, however, may, second, secondly, so, while, in contrast, kind of, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 22.0 30.3222958057 73% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1328.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 257.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.1673151751 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00390054096 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.74728562641 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.533073929961 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 379.8 419.366225166 91% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 25.5077451322 49.2860985944 52% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 73.7777777778 110.228320801 67% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.2777777778 21.698381199 66% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.5 7.06452816374 64% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.27373068433 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.380268541237 0.272083759551 140% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.12467571868 0.0996497079465 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101958924376 0.0662205650399 154% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.211351022963 0.162205337803 130% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0881059106014 0.0443174109184 199% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.1 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.11 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.89 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.