The reading and the listening are about whether or not dinosaurs were endotherms. The author of the reading feels there is evidence to suggest that dinosaurs were animals of this type. The professor, on the other hand, is not convinced of this. He casts doubt on each of the theories presented in the reading.
First of all, the author points out that dinosaur fossils have been found in cold polar regions. It is noted that only animals that can maintain warm body temperatures, like endotherms, could have been active in climates of this type. The lecturer casts doubt on this claim. She observes that today’s polar regions were much warmer during the time of the dinosaurs; warm enough for non-endotherms to inhabit them. Moreover, she observes that such animals could have migrated or hibernated during months when the temperatures actually were very cold.
Secondly, the author contends that the dinosaurs were endotherms based on the structure of their legs. The article points out that dinosaurs had legs underneath their bodies, just like all modern endotherms. On the other hand, the lecturer notes that the leg structure of dinosaurs served merely to support their weight. She contends that having legs under their bodies allowed the dinosaurs to evolve to very large sizes, which was advantageous in many ways.
Finally, the author makes a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of dinosaurs contained bodies called Haversian canals, which helped them to grow large, which is a common characteristic of endotherms. The professor challenges the validity of this point. She notes that dinosaur bones also show evidence of growth rings. She says that these rings indicate that the dinosaurs grew in spurts, which is a characteristic of non-endotherms.
- TOEFL integrated writing: work a four-day week. 65
- "Since its opening in Collegeville twenty years ago, Monarch Books has developed a large customer base due to its reader-friendly atmosphere and a wide selection of books on all subjects. Last month, Book and Bean, a combination bookstore and coffee 42
- The pie charts below show the most common advantages and disadvantages of Bowen Island according to a survey of visitors
- TOEFL integrated writing: work a four-day week. 3
- As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. 75
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 41, Rule ID: WHETHER[7]
Message: Perhaps you can shorten this phrase to just 'whether'. It is correct though if you mean 'regardless of whether'.
Suggestion: whether
...The reading and the listening are about whether or not dinosaurs were endotherms. The author o...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 186, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...at dinosaurs were animals of this type. The professor, on the other hand, is not co...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, finally, first, moreover, second, secondly, so, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1512.0 1373.03311258 110% => OK
No of words: 287.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.26829268293 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11595363751 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70889285483 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 156.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.543554006969 0.540411800872 101% => OK
syllable_count: 449.1 419.366225166 107% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 32.7795197277 49.2860985944 67% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.0 110.228320801 76% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.9444444444 21.698381199 73% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.27777777778 7.06452816374 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.281906946733 0.272083759551 104% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.085402732083 0.0996497079465 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0848265340085 0.0662205650399 128% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.167838590299 0.162205337803 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0681728212729 0.0443174109184 154% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.4 13.3589403974 85% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 56.25 53.8541721854 104% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.99 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.23 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 78.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.