The lecturer disputes the author's suggested theory that a mass extinction was caused by a reduction in water and an increase in atmospheric heat.. She provides three concrete reasons to cast doubt about the author's claims.
First, according to the author a massive extinction took place in the Triassic period because of a reduction in the salty sea water level. The speaker however confidently find this ideas debatable. He rigorously contends that a gradual reduction in sea level may not cause this problem because animals are astonishingly capable of adapting to a change in water level.
Second, the lecturer contradict the fallacy of the passage that an elevation of earth surface temperature may also cause animal extinction. The lecturer however confidently argues that theoretically speaking the transient elevation of temperature has no effect on animal extinction. She contends that the elevated levels of the toxic sulfur dioxide which is released after volcano eruption is washed away quickly after precipitation.
Finally, the author claims that meteoroids collision may have caused the massive extinction because of sunlight block. Again, the lecturer refutes this claim by stating that scientists have not discovered any crater at the site of collision. Thus, it is not possible that a massive extinction may be attributed to this collision theory.
- Modern transportation and shipping has made the world a better place to live. 76
- Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why. 66
- reading passage.题目原文：Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. O 80
- Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible. First, atmospheric 3
- TPO-49 - Integrated Writing Task Like many creatures, humpback whales migrate long distances for feeding and mating purposes. How animals manage to migrate long distances is often puzzling. In the case of humpback whales, we may have found the answer: 76
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 145, Rule ID: DOUBLE_PUNCTUATION
Message: Two consecutive dots
Suggestion: .
...ater and an increase in atmospheric heat.. She provides three concrete reasons to ...
^^
Line 3, column 177, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...l. The speaker however confidently find this ideas debatable. He rigorously contends...
^^^^
Line 7, column 33, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'meteoroids'' or 'meteoroid's'?
Suggestion: meteoroids'; meteoroid's
...ion. Finally, the author claims that meteoroids collision may have caused the massive e...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, may, second, so, thus
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 1.0 7.30242825607 14% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 13.0 5.01324503311 259% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1162.0 1373.03311258 85% => OK
No of words: 212.0 270.72406181 78% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.48113207547 5.08290768461 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.81578560438 4.04702891845 94% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.85811691935 2.5805825403 111% => OK
Unique words: 124.0 145.348785872 85% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.584905660377 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 368.1 419.366225166 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 32.4900493349 49.2860985944 66% => OK
Chars per sentence: 105.636363636 110.228320801 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.2727272727 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.18181818182 7.06452816374 73% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.14356841113 0.272083759551 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.05697082575 0.0996497079465 57% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0548237983702 0.0662205650399 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0882371442277 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0466437616791 0.0443174109184 105% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 13.3589403974 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.73 53.8541721854 81% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 14.5 12.2367328918 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.35 8.42419426049 111% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 63.6247240618 101% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.