At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations.One theory involves the decline of sea levels. Near the end of the Triassic period, sea levels were fluctuating. When sea levels fall, the habitats for ocean populations that live in the shallows and land species that live on the coast are destroyed. The destruction of coastal and shallow-ocean species would have had a profound effect on food chains worldwide, leading to mass extinctions.Another theory involves massive climate cooling. The end of the Triassic period was marked by widespread volcanic activity. The volcanoes released large amounts of sulfur dioxide (S02). A rise in atmospheric S02 is known to cause a lowering in global temperatures. Such climate change could have devastated many species and led to the extinctions.The third theory involves an asteroid strike. Asteroids (objects from outer space) occasionally collide with Earth. When an asteroid hits Earth’s surface, it often displaces large amounts of soil and crushed rock, leaving behind a depression, or crater. The displaced debris is thrown up into the atmosphere where it can block out sunlight for many months or even a few years. A sufficiently massive asteroid impact at the end of the Triassic period may have blocked sunlight long enough for most plants to die and many animal species to then starve.
When it comes the mass-extinction event at the end of triassic period, the lecturer refutes three viewpoints hold by the writer.
First, it is true that at the end of the triassic period sea level were fluctuating. However, the decline of sea levels gradually processed for a long term, roughly several millions of years, while the coast and land species had plenty of time adapting to this change. Therefore, the chain-effect mentioned by the writer is unconvincing.
Secondly, in the listening, the professor states that sulfur dioxide generated by volcanic activity cannot exist for many years. To be specific, this a few of sulfur dioxide would combine with water and something else at the atmosphere, falling as it was raining. To sum up, the sulfur dioxide is not enough to cause a lower global temperature for numerous years, which is contradict to the opinion said by the reading material.
In addition, plausible as it sounds, the point that asteroid could lead to a blockage blocking thee sunlight does not hold water. the listening material argues that scientist have found that this strike happened long before the extinction event, which refers to there is no connection between the asteroid and the disappearance of significant creatures.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-01-17 | nusybah | 80 | view |
| 2019-11-14 | M.S 2019 | 76 | view |
| 2019-10-24 | p0uya | 65 | view |
| 2019-10-24 | Seema Modak | 71 | view |
| 2019-10-08 | mahan vahab kashi | 80 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 374, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'contradicted'.
Suggestion: contradicted
...emperature for numerous years, which is contradict to the opinion said by the reading mate...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 131, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: The
...king thee sunlight does not hold water. the listening material argues that scientis...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, second, secondly, so, therefore, while, in addition, it is true, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1060.0 1373.03311258 77% => OK
No of words: 204.0 270.72406181 75% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.19607843137 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.77926670891 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.81860613803 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 132.0 145.348785872 91% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.647058823529 0.540411800872 120% => OK
syllable_count: 317.7 419.366225166 76% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.7696435953 49.2860985944 91% => OK
Chars per sentence: 117.777777778 110.228320801 107% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.6666666667 21.698381199 104% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.4444444444 7.06452816374 148% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 1.0 4.33554083885 23% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.225323521371 0.272083759551 83% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0785228394546 0.0996497079465 79% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0773492188992 0.0662205650399 117% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.132503228618 0.162205337803 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0761700921783 0.0443174109184 172% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 49.15 53.8541721854 91% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.18 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.76 8.42419426049 116% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.