At the end of the Triassic period, there was a mass extinction.
The reading argues about the extinction of the vast majority species at the end of the Triassic era. The author listed three factors to support the idea that some events caused this extinction. However, the speaker finds all the ideas dubious and presents some evidence to refute all of them.
First, the reading mentioned that decreasing sea level is one of the possible reasons. Due to the fluctuation of sea level, many species that lived in shallow or coastal water died. In contrast, the speaker rebuts this reason and stats that it is true in that period the sea level declines but it happened gradually not suddenly. Hence, the species adapted to this change little by little and it could not be the possible reason.
Second, the passage reading points out that climate change is responsible. To clarify this reason, volcanic activity produced lots of sulfur dioxide that caused the temperature decline and the climate becomes cool. On the contrary, the speaker casts doubt on this issue and asserts that global cooling is not deniable but the increase of SO2 cannot be the reason because SO2 is still present in the atmosphere.
Finally, the author proposes that the asteroids hit the earth and destroyed many species. On the other hand, the speaker rejects this reason too and states that no collision of steroids found during that period, also, all evidence related to 12 million years ago before extinction.
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Comments
Would it be possible to
Would it be possible to explain "unique words" and also "subordinate clause"?
thanks in advance
one example for 'unique words
one example for 'unique words':
'the teacher and the student are in the class'
so the unique words are: 'the, teacher, student, and, are, in, class'. 'the' is repeated 3 times.
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What Is a Subordinate Clause? (with Examples)
A subordinate clause (or dependent clause) is a clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought.
Like all clauses, a subordinate clause has a subject and verb.
Examples of Subordinate Clauses
Here are some examples of subordinate clauses (shaded). You will notice that none of the shaded clauses could stand alone as a sentence. This is how a subordinate clause (or a dependent clause) is different from an independent clause.
She had a pretty gift for quotation, which is a serviceable substitute for wit. (W Somerset Maugham, 1874-1965)
A musicologist is a man who can read music but can't hear it. (Sir Thomas Beecham, 1879-1961)
Always be nice to those younger than you because they are the ones who will be writing about you. (Cyril Connolly, 1903-1974)
Personally I'm always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught. (Sir Winston Churchill, 1874-1965)
Types of Subordinate Clause
Subordinate clauses can act as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.
The Adjective Clause. Here is an example of a subordinate clause acting as an adjective:
The bull that charged us is back in the field.
(The subordinate clause that charged us describes the bull. It is an adjective clause.)
The Adverbial Clause. Here is an example of a subordinate clause acting as an adverb:
I fished until the sun went down.
(The subordinate clause until the sun went down modifies the verb to fish. It is an adverbial clause.)
The Noun Clause. Here is an example of a subordinate clause acting as a noun:
Whoever dislikes the new timings is more than welcome to leave.
(The subordinate clause Whoever dislikes the new timings is the subject of this sentence. It is a noun clause.)
The Link between a Subordinate Clause and an Independent Clause
When a subordinate clause is used as an adjective or an adverb, it will usually be part of a complex sentence (i.e., a sentence with an independent clause and at least one subordinate clause).
The link between a subordinate clause and an independent clause will often be a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. For example:
I fished until the sun went down.
The bull that charged us is back in the field.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, hence, however, if, second, so, still, in contrast, it is true, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1187.0 1373.03311258 86% => OK
No of words: 238.0 270.72406181 88% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.98739495798 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.92775363542 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.35806764465 2.5805825403 91% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.575630252101 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 358.2 419.366225166 85% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 39.4398275858 49.2860985944 80% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.9166666667 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.8333333333 21.698381199 91% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.4166666667 7.06452816374 147% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.100284867577 0.272083759551 37% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0342377757358 0.0996497079465 34% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0604952032938 0.0662205650399 91% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0609525434811 0.162205337803 38% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.055941574086 0.0443174109184 126% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 13.3589403974 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.66 12.2367328918 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.09 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 68.0 63.6247240618 107% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.