Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms. Polar dinosaurs One reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have been discovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates. Leg position and movement There is a connection between the endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's side, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms. Haversian canals There is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.
Both the lecture and the article talk about the classification of dinosaurs as endotherm animals. The author of the passage presents that dinosaurs were indeed endotherms and there are multiple evidences that support this idea. The lecturer, on the other hand, believes that the arguments made in the passage do not totally prove that dinosaurs can be classified as isotherms.
To begin with, the author of the article states fossils of dinosaurs were found in the polar region. He/she elaborates his/her idea by mentioning that only endotherm animal's body can resist the freezing weather in the polar. However, the lecturer argues that finding fossils of dinosaurs in the polar area does not prove anything. She states that in the past, the polar region was much warmer than today. she also says that dinosaurs can migrate in the winter season from the polar region to warmer areas or hibernate by lowering body's temperature and decreasing the metabolism rate.
Moreover, the article notes that legs of dinosaurs were underneath the body like many endotherms to increase dinosaurs' speed during running. In contrast, the speaker in the lecture states that the presence of legs underneath bodies is for assisting dinosaurs in carrying their large bodies.
Finally, the article mentions that dinosaurs had Haversian canal in their bones, which usually can be found in endotherms' bones. However, the lecturer notes that dinosaurs had Haversian canal and growth rings in their bones. According to the lecturer, growth rings appear when there is a fluctuation in the growth process of bones. Furthermore, the professor indicates that this feature only present in non endotherms
- Because of climate change more and more land that was once used to grow crops or provide food for animals is turning to dry unusable desert land There are many proposals about how to stop this process known as desertification A number of proposals involve 3
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement People who have had difficulty learning a skill go on to become better teachers to that skill than people who learned it easily Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 60
- The zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, has long been spreading out from its original habitats and has now reached parts of North America. There are reasons to believe that this invasion cannot be stopped and that it poses a ser 68
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are better able to make decisions about their own lives. Use specific reasons and examples t 80
- In 1939 David O Selznick produced a film of Margaret Mitchell s Pulitzer Prize winning novel Gone with the Wind The movie proved to be among the most important in the history of world cinema To this day in fact it remains the American box office champion 3
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 405, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...olar region was much warmer than today. she also says that dinosaurs can migrate in...
^^^
Line 2, column 449, Rule ID: THE_FALL_SEASON[1]
Message: Use simply 'winter'.
Suggestion: winter
...also says that dinosaurs can migrate in the winter season from the polar region to warmer areas o...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, finally, furthermore, however, if, moreover, so, in contrast, to begin with, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1411.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 267.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.28464419476 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04229324003 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.5723112561 2.5805825403 100% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.516853932584 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 436.5 419.366225166 104% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 27.9167859679 49.2860985944 57% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 100.785714286 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.0714285714 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.14285714286 7.06452816374 101% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.183369996085 0.272083759551 67% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0673458784331 0.0996497079465 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0416156351809 0.0662205650399 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.115145471815 0.162205337803 71% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0271662422685 0.0443174109184 61% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.0 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.34 12.2367328918 109% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.72 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 70.0 63.6247240618 110% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.